Gender Inequalities in Health and Illness

gender Inequalities in wellness and IllnessGender Inequalities in health and IllnessThis essay will escort at the sex activity inequalities in health and illness static tout ensemble toldy. This essay will also look at how wo hands racy long-term than custody and what diseases and handstal health symptoms come upon some(prenominal) manpower and wo custody in mortality and morbidity rates such(prenominal) as spatecers and opinion. Statistics will maneuver how people argon living longstanding and how this will continue as much than people will perplex centenarians as the courses go by. This essay will also show findings of stereotypes or stigmas attached to both genders and how this affects healthc atomic number 18 both physically and workforcetally along with how society thinks in regards to both genders and the impact this has. Finally it will look at masculinity and how and why this affects manpower going to the GPs intimately their healthcargon and th e effects of this.Today wo custody tend to fuck longer than men on average in industrialised countries, although this is true women experience more ill health through their lifetimes compared to men. More women kinda than men wear from somatic complaints such as aches and pains, headaches and tiredness to mention a a couple of(prenominal) (Backes, G et al, 2008). Womens mortality rates are often because of breast, cervix and uterus cancers whereas ischemic heart disease and lung cancer has a high mortality rate in men (Bury, M, 2005). Although some researchers believe in that location is more consistency in studies that involve depression, disturbance and minor psychological illness compared to the studies of high illness rates in women (Bartley, 2004). At all ages males start out a greater mortality rate than women in the unify Kingdom due to injuries and suicide. Cardiovascular disease and cancers are also unrivaled of the main reasons male mortality rate is higher than that of womens. Depressive disorder, cordial health, anxiety and disability all entertain higher morbidity rates for women than men (Acheson, 1998).Higher mortality rates in men can be explained by societal accompanimentors such as employment whereby males tend to be in employment that is risky such as exposure to unhealthful chemicals, environmental hazards and dangerous machinery. Driving under the influence of alcohol, dangerous sports and highroad traffic accidents are all major risk taking behaviours that men rather than women tend to participate in (Bury, M, 2005). hands used to consume a higher smoking rate than women government issueing in lung cancer unless today it is seen that modern girls under fifteen years of age are more likely to smoke than boys of the that same age group. The recommended daily recess of alcohol is usually acknowledged by women whereas men in all age groups tend to drink more than the recommended daily in put in (Scambler, 2008). unrival led third of babies born in 2013 will live to they are unmatchable hundred according to the office for study statistics. Of these 797,000 babies that were less than one in 2013 in the UK, 151,000 of these will be women and 123,000 will be men that live to one hundred in 2113 ( view for national Statistics, 2013).Whereas only 8% of men and 14% of women who were sixty-five in 2013 would go on to live until they are one hundred around 85,000 altogether. Looking further back in time thither were only six hundred centenarians in 1961, 90 of these existence men, this has increased every year since then for example in 2013 on that point were a total of 14,000 centenarians in the United Kingdom (Office for national Statistics, 2013). It is expected that 111,000 people will live to one hundred or more by 2037. Women are expected to become centenarians more so than men in all years as in 1961 there were five hundred this locomote to 12,000 in 2013 and is expected to rise higher resultin g in 77,000 women becoming centenarians by 2037 and 293,000 by 2062. Men go through had a rapid rise in centenarians from 1961 where there were only ninety centenarians this rose to 2,000 in 2013. It is estimated men living to one hundred or everyplace will rise to 34,000 by 2037 and 163,000 by 2062 (Office for national Statistics, 2013).The latest figures from the Office for matter Statistics show that in good health men in the to the lowest degree deprived areas could live to 70.5 years whereas men in the some deprived areas could live to 52.2 years. Women on the other hand can live in good health in the to the lowest degree deprived areas for up to 71.3 years whereas women in the most deprived areas can live to 52.4 years. When mensurable by the range there were nine years difference surrounded by men in the most deprived areas compared to the men in the least deprived areas (Office for National Statistics, 2015). Women when measured by the range had a 6.9 year shorter lif e expectancy for women in the most deprived areas compared to the women in the least deprived areas. In good health men in the least deprived areas lived 19.1 years longer and 19.5 years for women (Bury, M, 2005).There are a lot of assumptions around gender stereotypes that are socially constructed which to this day mollify exist in society. batch or society expect a women to be a certain way or act a certain way such as staying at home smell after children and being a housewife rather than getting a job and that they are responsible for raising children (Cook, R and Cusack, S, 2010). Women are nurses rather than doctors, women do not need to have a career, and women should cook and do housework. Women do not or cannot have technical jobs such as being a mechanic these are some of the stereotypes associated with women (Cook, R and Cusack, S, 2010). People or society expect a man to enjoy functional on cars, are doctors and not nurses, that men do dirty jobs such as construction or mechanics. Men do not do housework and are not responsible for taking care of children, men are in charge husbands tell their wives what to do and are idle or messy these are just some of the stereotypes associated with men (Health Guidance, No date). These stereotypes can affect both genders mentally and physically and can have an impact on mortality and morbidity rates such as a man doing a dangerous job or a women having depression.Masculinity ideology plays a vital role in mens health, men believe they should be powerful, strong, brave, intelligent, healthy, mature and in soften (Sabo, D and Gordon, F, 1995). When these statements are assumed or thought process to be untrue it can have a negative impact on men resulting in substance misuse and criminality, depression and suicide to mention a few as a lot of men especially young men feel powerless, weak, fearful and do not pay assist to their mental, physical or emotional health (Key issues in promoting health, No date). It is a fact that women are more open to talk about(predicate) health problems than men which is why women that suffer from depression and anxiety are seen to have higher morbidity rates according to statistics. It is thought that biological and social factors contribute to depression and are seen differently in both men and women (Mental Health Foundation, No date).Men aged sixteen to forty-four are less likely to visit GPs than women due to worries of losing pay from their job if they take an appointment but also from masculinity problems such as cerebration the environment in GP surgeries are too feminine and the widely distributed attitude men take towards healthcare and social expectation when they are ill (Harvey, S, et al, No date). It is also seen that because women are more open about their health, statistics show they visit the GPs more often than men and that they may go to the GPs for less severe symptoms of illness compared to men (Harvey, S, et al, No date).In shoe makers last this essay has looked at the statistics of inequalities in health and illness. Such as the fact that today women tend to live longer in industrialized countries than men and it seems that it is going to continue in that way, at the same time there has been a rapid rise in men living longer with mortality rates decreasing due to different employment easy in this present day. Women morbidity rates are higher than mens due to women seeking medical advice more often and being more open about their healthcare issues, whereas men avoid GPs each because of worry of losing pay from work or masculinity reasons such as the stigma that men do not get sick (Bartley, 2004 Acheson, 1998 Scambler, 2008 Harvey, S, et al, No date).Although life expectancy rates are higher for both men and women it also seems that people living to one hundred or more is on the rise from six hundred centenarians in the 1960s to xiv thousand centenarians in 2013 and it is estimated to rise higher each ye ar onwards. Stereotypes have also had an impact on both genders due to society having the thought that men should have dirty or dangerous jobs and women should stay at home or have clean jobs therefore it can result in physical problems or higher mortality rates for men and mental health problems such as anxiety or depression for women. Masculinity plays a vital role in mens health due to the stigmas attached therefore mental health such as depression is seen different to professionals such as GPs in both men and women (Office for national Statistics, 2013 Office for National Statistics, 2015 Mental Health Foundation, No date Harvey, S, et al, No date).BibliographyBooksAcheson, D (1998). Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report. 1st edn. London The Stationary Office.Backes, G et al (2008) Gender, Health and aging European Perspectives on Life Course, Health Issues and Social Challenges. 13th edn. customs duty Science and Business Media.Bartley, M (2004). Health Inequ alities An Introduction to Theories, Concepts, and methods. 1st edn. Cambridge polity Press.Bury, M (2005). Health and Illness. 1st edn. Cambridge Polity Press.Cook, R and Cusack, S (2010). Gender Stereotyping Transnational Legal Perspectives. 1st edn. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press.Sabo, D and Gordon, F (1995). Mens Health and Illness Gender, Power, and the Body. 1st edn. London SAGE Publications, Inc.Scambler, A (2008). Women and Health in Scambler G (ed) Sociology as Applied to Medicine. 1st edn. Elsevier Limited.WebsitesHarvey, S et al. (No date) Why are men reticent to visit their GP? What can be done to address this situation? Online Available at http//www.socialsciences.exeter.ac.uk/media//Mens_Health_Forum_Project.docx Accessed 22/03/15Health Guidance (No date) List of Gender Stereotypes. Online Available at http//www.healthguidance.org/entry/15910/1/List-ofGender-Stereotypes.html Accessed 20/02/15Key issues in promoting mental health (No date) Masculinity and mental health Dr Ken Harland. Online Available at http//www.ycni.org/downloads/misc/masculinity_mental_health.pdf Accessed 21/03/15Mental Health Foundation (No date) Mental Health Statistics Men Women. Online Available at http//www.mentalhealth.org.uk/help-information/mental-health-statistics/men-women/ Accessed 20/03/15Office for National Statistics (2015) Inequality in healthy life expectancy at kin by national deciles of area deprivation England, 2011 to 2013. Online Available at http//www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/disability-and-health-measurement/inequality-in-healthy-life-expectancy-at-birth-by-national-deciles-of-area-deprivationengland/2011-13/index.html Accessed 20/03/15Office for National Statistics (2013) One Third of Babies born in 2013 are expected to live to 100. Online Available at http//www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/lifetables/historic-and-projected-data-from-the-period-and-cohort-life-tables/2012-based/sty-babies-living-to-100.html Accessed 21/03/15