The Importance and History of the Steam Engine Essay -- History Indust

The wonderful progress of the present century is, in a very great degree, due to the designing and improvement of the steam clean engine, and to the gifted application of its power to kinds of work that formerly taxed the physical energies of the human race.Robert H. Thurston The steam engine can easily be considered the single nigh important invention of the entire industrial revolution. There is not one part of industry present in todays society that can be examined without coming across both(prenominal) type of reference or dependence upon the steam engine. But, who deserves the credit for this great invention? Some give the credit to James Watt while others assign that Thomas Newcomen was the original inventor. However, the idea of the using the power of steam to the advantage of human beings has been around practically since the beginning of age. But, no practical uses for steam emerged until the seventeenth century. The majority of people will tell you that the steam engine was invented by James Watt. But, this is far from the truth. Like all other great inventions and great discoveries, the steam engine came about after centuries of work by numerous scientists, engineers and even writers. It came from a compilation of work and theories that took centuries to complete. If James Watt was not the first to fix the steam engine, who was? How did James Watt end up with all of the credit for the invention? Was he just the one that was there at the right time and in the right place? Is it true that James Watt discovered the steam engine when he observed the lid of a kettle lifting as water boiled within? Those are the questions that we are out to answer. But, keep in mind that ...inventions only become successful wh... ...ords that the steam engine held at the time that the book was written. This biography is meant for at least high school age readers and is directed more so towards those interested in science or engineering histo ry. - http//inventors.about.com/science/inventors/library/inventors/blsteamengine.htm This website is successful at telling the reader everything that they want to know and more about the history and evolution of steam engines. It hits on all the major advancements as well as fall backs that occurred over the years. It is very easy to find whatever you are looking for on this website. The most beneficial part of the website however, is a link to a page that gives a timeline of the growth of the steam engine. This timeline is very well illustrated and makes note of all of the large and short developments in the evolution of the steam engine.

Free My Antonia Essays: Struggle with the Land :: My Antonia Essays

Struggle with the Land in My Antonia In Willa Cathers novel My Antonia a major theme that is turn to is the struggle with the grime. In this essay, I will discuss this theme in relation to the text, the characters & the events they face, & the setting. The text is largely influenced by this theme of mans relationship to the dirt. Cather describes the land where the land where the Shimerdas & the Burdens lived as the beautiful the slow rolling hill covered in a sea of red grass, the circle of open sky above & land below. But Cather also describes the land as something powerful-a force strong enough to break even the strongest man. The land also plays a huge pause in the lives of the main characters, & in umteen cases, determines what kind of events that they will face. Antonia & her family are new to America - new to the land, new to the language, new to the customs, & new to upriseing. From the beginning of the novel, Antonia & her family fought with the land. They did no t know how to farm at first, but slowly learned with the help for the Burden family. Once they learned the basics of farming, Antonia & her brother had to establish and maintain the farm all by themselves. It was not just the Shimerdas who faced the land head-to-head each day. The Burdens fought the same battle too. But because the Burdens had more knowledge of the land & farming it, their battle was won more easily. For example, while each day Antonia & her oldest brother went out & plowed fields, the Burdens were able to do other things with the land, since they had already schematic fields in which to plant things. In some ways, this theme of the mans relationship to the land is the setting. The land where the story takes place determined many of the events which occurred if the land had not been so harsh and brutal, Mr. Shimerda may not have given up hope like he did.

From Teleworking to E-Work :: essays research papers

From Tele workings to E-WorkThe following was an invited contribution to The West Berkshire Labour Conference, which was held in July 2000 by Thames Valley Enterprise (the predecessor of the Business assort business development agency).Over the last few years improvements in portable computers and mobile communications (boosted by services from locally based Vodafone) has seen a growth in the use of virtual working and e-working (electronic working). Much of this has happened in an ad-hoc way as get awayrs and professionals simply adapt to working in a mess independent manner - in hotels, airport lounges, at home and on the move. This e-conference is an example of virtual working, where previously there would have been a real conference. In other words, business activities that once would have been specially earmarked as telework are now becoming part and parcel of everyday work - but non fast enough.The Aspiration GapVarious surveys show that about 5 per cent of UK workers are classified as teleworkers i.e. they spend significant time working away from offices using telecommunications. Yet the most remarkable finding is that some two thirds of employees would like to telework if their bosses would let them. The challenge, as always, is one of management. Managers must withdraw to manage at a distance. They must plan and develop work methods that allow - even encourage - employees to work in the most trenchant settings, which may be at home or in a shared satellite office away from areas of high rents and labour shortages, like West Berkshire. They must learn how to gauge employees performance by outputs not by inputs (i.e. time spent sitting in the office). None of this is new. There is now over a decades outlay of proven cases where organizations, such as Siemens, Sedgwick, Oxfordshire County Council, have gained significant benefits from telework, and many practical guidelines (see Resources at end).Formal Telework ProgrammesCompanies that have fully achieved significant benefits have done so through a formal telework programme. While ad-hoc or informal teleworking impart have some benefits (mostly for the employee), only a systematic approach will gain the organization-wide benefits that are achievable. Simply because someone can use a mobile telephone and portable computer does not mean a) that they are effective as they could be and b) that the organizations work system as whole is optimized. A typical formal programme has the following elementsA focused programme police squad with representatives from different parts of the business and specialists in the disciplines needed - technology, change management, work design etc.

The Relationship between Gods and Mortals in Mythology Essays -- Paper

The Relationship between Gods and Mortals in MythologyThe relationship between gods and mortals in mythology has long been a complicated topic. The gods can be generous and supportive, and also devastating and destructive to any group of humans. Mortals must respect the moguls above them that cannot be controlled. The gods rule over destiny, nature, and evaluator, and need to be recognized and worshipped for the powerful beings as they are. Regardless of ones actions, intentions, and thoughts, the gods in Hellenic myth have ultimate power and the final decision of arbiter over nature, mortals, and even each other.Justice is a very important ruling power for both gods and mortals. For instance, in Sophocles tragedy, Antigone, justice prevails over king Creons actions. He sentences his own niece to death for giving her deceased brother, a pronounced enemy of Thebes, a proper burial. In return for his steadfast ruling he loses his wife and son to tragic deaths. Creon puts h is own city?s justice before the determined justice of the gods, and pays dearly for it. Antigone also receives justice for her actions even though she dies. She did go against the law of her mortal king, but did obey the law of the gods, and therefore died a hero and martyr. The laws of the gods gives dishonor to those who do not correctly respect their family members. In order to keep her honor and self-respect, Antigone had to break her city?s law, even if it meant death.?Justice? can also be associated with the goddess of Earth, Justice. Antigone follows the laws of the gods that will run short on forever, not Creon?s mere proclamations of power. Antigone will not let her sister die with her because Justice does not allow people to die heroes if ... ...re antediluvian patriarch Greek world and culture. References ConsultedGrene, D., and Lattimore, R., eds. ?Antigone? and ?Prometheus Bound.? Greek Tragedies Volume 1. The University of Chicago Press Chicago, 1991. 178- 232, 65-106.Grene, D., and Lattimore, R., eds. ?The Bacchae.? Greek Tragedies Volume 3. The University of Chicago Press Chicago, 1991. 195-262.Powell, B.B. Classical Myth. Prentice Hall New Jersey. 459-462.Bibliography References ConsultedGrene, D., and Lattimore, R., eds. ?Antigone? and ?Prometheus Bound.? Greek Tragedies Volume 1. The University of Chicago Press Chicago, 1991. 178-232, 65-106.Grene, D., and Lattimore, R., eds. ?The Bacchae.? Greek Tragedies Volume 3. The University of Chicago Press Chicago, 1991. 195-262.Powell, B.B. Classical Myth. Prentice Hall New Jersey. 459-462.

The Holocaust Essay -- History, Nazy

For most people, the Holocaust evokes feelings of empathy for the victims, and anger toward the persecutors. The Holocaust, defined as the magisterial annihilation of six million Jews by the Nazi regime, began with the rise of Nazi Germany (A Historical Summary). When the Germans lost World War One, the Jews received the blame. Anti-Semitism, or the hatred toward Jews, spread like wildfire throughout the nation. Hitler came to business leader with ideas of a master race, resulting in the persecution of many across europium in what became known as the Holocaust.Although many contributed to the Holocaust, Adolf Hitler remains viewed as the main catalyst. Born in Austria, Hitler originated from humble roots and poor parents (Byers, Overview 23). Adolf decided at an early age to become an artist, due to the position that he received the best grades in his primary school art class. Soon after entering secondary school, Hitler dropped out due to poor grades. later his rejectio n from art school, Hitler continued to live with his mother until her death. At age nineteen Hitler lacked an education, but needed money so he traveled around weft up any job available. At this low point in his life, Adolf Hitler decided to become an anti-Semite (24). With the start of World War One, Hitler became a German soldier at age twenty-five (23-25). His time in the army led Hitler to pursue a career in politics. With Hitlers newfound aspiration of politics, he joined the Nazi party. Quickly working his way to the top, Hitler soon became elected the Fhrer or leader of the party. Adolf first attempted to gain power in the Beer Hall Rebellion. He led supporters to Berlin where the uprising was quickly crushed. With the charge of treason, Hitler s... ...y innocent lives were lost in vain including 5 million non-Jews (Holocaust). When Adolf Hitler came to power, Europe became entangled in chaos as millions of Jews and other groups endure persecution from Germans.Wor ks CitedAltman, Linda J. The Holocaust, Hitler, and Nazi Germany. Berkeley Heights, NJ EnslowPublishers, Inc., 1999. Print.Byers, Ann. The Holocaust Camps. Berkeley Heights, NJ Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1998. Print.- - - . The Holocaust Overview. Berkeley Heights, NJ Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1998. Print.Holocaust. Comptons by Britannica. 01 Aug. 2011 n.p. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 19 February2012.The Holocaust A Historical Summary. Beyond the Wall of Remembrance. Nov. 1993 5-10.SIRS Discoverer. Web. 19 February 2012.Yeatts, Tabatha. The Holocaust Survivors. Berkeley Heights, NJ Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1998.Print.

The Holocaust Essay -- History, Nazy

For most people, the Holocaust evokes feelings of empathy for the victims, and anger toward the persecutors. The Holocaust, defined as the opinionated annihilation of six million Jews by the Nazi regime, began with the rise of Nazi Ger many an(prenominal) (A Historical Summary). When the Germans lost World War One, the Jews received the blame. Anti-Semitism, or the hatred toward Jews, spread like wildfire throughout the nation. Hitler came to originator with ideas of a master race, resulting in the persecution of many across europium in what became known as the Holocaust.Although many contributed to the Holocaust, Adolf Hitler remains viewed as the main catalyst. Born in Austria, Hitler originated from humble roots and poor parents (Byers, Overview 23). Adolf decided at an early age to become an artist, due to the situation that he received the best grades in his primary school art class. Soon after entering secondary school, Hitler dropped out due to poor grades. after h is rejection from art school, Hitler continued to live with his mother until her death. At age nineteen Hitler lacked an education, but needed money so he traveled around selection up any job available. At this low point in his life, Adolf Hitler decided to become an anti-Semite (24). With the start of World War One, Hitler became a German soldier at age twenty-five (23-25). His time in the army led Hitler to pursue a career in politics. With Hitlers newfound conclusion of politics, he joined the Nazi party. Quickly working his way to the top, Hitler soon became elected the Fhrer or leader of the party. Adolf first attempted to gain power in the Beer Hall Rebellion. He led supporters to Berlin where the uprising was quickly crushed. With the charge of treason, Hitler s... ...y innocent lives were lost in vain including 5 million non-Jews (Holocaust). When Adolf Hitler came to power, Europe became entangled in chaos as millions of Jews and other groups endure persecution from Germans.Works CitedAltman, Linda J. The Holocaust, Hitler, and Nazi Germany. Berkeley Heights, NJ EnslowPublishers, Inc., 1999. Print.Byers, Ann. The Holocaust Camps. Berkeley Heights, NJ Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1998. Print.- - - . The Holocaust Overview. Berkeley Heights, NJ Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1998. Print.Holocaust. Comptons by Britannica. 01 Aug. 2011 n.p. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 19 February2012.The Holocaust A Historical Summary. Beyond the Wall of Remembrance. Nov. 1993 5-10.SIRS Discoverer. Web. 19 February 2012.Yeatts, Tabatha. The Holocaust Survivors. Berkeley Heights, NJ Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1998.Print.

Refusing to Be a Victim Essay

The Virginia Tech Massacre was one of the deadliest shooting incidents by a single gunman (MSNC). With a bright future ahead, Reema Samaha was an 18 year-old freshman on the campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia. Physic totallyy beautiful, excellent academic performance, proud of her Lebanese culture, future graduate of international studies and a minor in French, talented contemporary dancer, full of life, but a sea wolf decided to end her life on April 16, 2007 (We Remember biographies). She was murdered among 32 other students and staff. She was trapped in her French class with no gun with which to protect herself. Guns on campus should be allowed based on the right to bear weapons system authorized in the United States Constitution, the increasing violence on campus, the impossible mission to protect all the students by campus police, and the Gun-Free Zone sticker that attracts the killers. The second amendment under the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution has protected the right of the people to keep and bear arms since 1791 (Head).It protects an individuals right to possess and use a firearm for lawful purposes, such as self-defense. It is unlawful to bear arms to participate in a militia or to use for unlawful purposes. If mortal enters my property without invitation, it is my right, under the second amendment, to use a gun against a trespasser. One of the foundations that you acquire when you are a mother is to protect your loved ones at any cost if somebody attacks them. In the face of economic distress and the resulting risk for violence, the ability to protect oneself as allowed under the Constitution is increasingly of import and must not be abridged. One example of that violence is sexual assaults on college campuses where nine occur each day. Also, there were 16 sniper victims at the University of Texas at Austin in 1966, 32 at Virginia Tech in 2007, five at Northern Illinois Univer sity in 2008, one at Virginia Tech in 2011, and cardinal at San Jose State University in 2011 (Infoplease) What protection did the schools offer? The only option for the victim is to play dead or huddle under a desk hoping that the killer will not shoot them.Unfortunately, there is before long no alternative to simply hiding and praying that the bad guy will give you grace. Protecting all the students is an impossible mission for universities. Campus officials yield introduced several responses to the problem of campus crime. Campus police, textmess progress alerts and cameras are all excellent ideas that improve responsiveness, but responsiveness is not the akin as readiness. Text messages are unsuccessful, police are spread out across huge campuses and cameras have proven ineffective. Universities are open environments with indiscernible boundaries and hardly a(prenominal) procedures to prevent or deal with a calamitous event. Colleges cannot guarantee protection or eliminate armed assaults. It is unrealistic to expect colleges to provide airport-like security with boundary line enforcement, metal detectors, armed guards, bag inspections and pat downs. Therefore, any institutions that cannot provide protection for their visitors must not deprive students of the ability to protect themselves. The Free-Gun Zone does not make its desired purpose. In fact, Gun-Free Zone sign attracts killers. Congress adopted the Gun-Free School Zones ferment in 1990, prohibiting the possession of firearms in posted areas (School Law).Laws have never influenced criminal behavior because criminals, by their characters, do not respect laws. So a sticker on the campus doors stating No guns allowed is merely ironic in the face of tragedy. To the criminal, it means that this campus is a safe zone where victims are unable to protect themselves a paradise zone for a killer He is positive(predicate) to succeed in his mission to kill with little risk to himself The Gun-Free Zon e sticker screams Easy Targets Here. One basis of opposition to guns on campus focuses on the presumed risk of infection of young people, who are less mature, possessing guns. Some fear that during a party, a quarrel with friends could lead to use of a gun to resolve a disagreement. However, a student would be required to apply for a license in order to carry a gun, which requires a comprehensive FBI criminal background check, fingerprinting, schoolroom instruction and live-fire certification (eHow). The training is designed, in part, to cause the student with a concealed weapon to be careful. Licensing is available to applicants who are 21 years of age or older, thus more mature.Another argument of opposition emphasizes the possibility of violence increasing with concealed weapons on campus, as if the mere presence of a weapon will increase violence. However, the benefit of having concealed weapons allowed on campus is proven by the fact that 26 colleges and universities, in Utah and in Colorado, a total70 campuses, currently allowing concealed carry on campus have not been a single report of shootouts, accidents or heated conflicts. In fact, ratherthan causing crime as feared, Colorado State Universitys crime rate has declined steadily since allowing concealed carry weapons. Allowing concealed weapons does not increase risk. To the contrary, it presents an advantage it reduces crime and violence. Statistics and fact cede the fallacy that concealed weapons on campus will increase violence.In fact, guns should be permitted on campus due to the constitutional right to bear arms, growing violence on campus, the unmanageable job for the campus police to protect the students and staff, and the attractiveness of the Gun-free zone to malefactors. It should not stop there. High school teachers should be allowed to carry a weapon. As a future French teacher, I dont want to die as a victim, but as a brave little soldier who will fight for my life and those of my stu dents whom I would have in my charge.No one has the right to end a life of a living world for nothing. But many lives will be terminated before a policy is put in place to stop the rampage. The campus and other public places shouldnt allow us to revoke our right as citizens to protect ourselves. Reema Ramages parents would have loved to see her graduate from Virginia Tech, to be there for her wedding day, to view as her first child. But, a foolish man decided to kill these dreams. Sadly, no one was allowed to stop him. Reema has the right to live.Works Cited.MSNC, Worst U.S. shooting ever kills 33 on Va. campus. (2007) n. page. Print. ..Virginia Tech. We Remember biographies. N.p., 2007. Web. 3 Apr 2012. ..Head, Tom. The Second Amendment. About.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Apr 2012. ..Time Line of Worldwide School Shootings. Infoplease. Pearson Education, 2012. Web. 3 Apr 2012. ..Californias Gun-Free School Zone Act . School Law. N.p., 2012. Web. 3 Apr 2012. .. How to Get a Permit to Ca rry a Concealed Weapon in Texas. eHow. N.p., 2012. Web. 3 Apr 2012. .

Principles That Define the Culutral Level of Analysis Essay

Explain how principles that define CLOA may be demonstrated in research. The first Principle states that Humans argon entropy processors. Cognition refers to the mental tasks or th signing involved in human behavior. Thinking may involve retrospection, attention, perception, language and decision making at all iodin time. Cognitive psychologists see these cognitions are active systems In between taking in and responding to information a number of processes are at work. reading raft be transformed trigger-happyuced, e laboratoryorated, filtered, manipulated, selected, organized, stored and retrieved Therefore the human mind is seen as active system processing information, and cognitive psychologists aim to study these processes. interchange to this information processing approach is the computer metaphor. One of the difficulties facing cognitive psychologists is that they were trying to study processes that are non directly observable. Consequently the computer whirling of the 1950 provided the terminology and metaphor they needed.People, like computers, acquire information from the surround (input). Both people and computers store information and retrieve it when applicable to current tasks both are limited in the amount of information they rout out process at a given time both transform information to produce in the altogether information both return information to the environment (output). This information processing approach was adopted by Atkinson and Shiffrin in their Multistore Model of memory (1968). This model sees memory as an active process.Information flows in through the sensory stage (input). It then flows to the short-term memory before it is transferred to long term memory where it can be stored and later retrieved. A further example of information processing is the organization of information into schemas in the long-term memory. Schemas are mental models of the world. Information in LTM is stored in interrelated networks of these s chemas and these schemas can affect retrieval. Simply put, schema theory states that all knowledge is organized into units.Within these units of knowledge, or schemata, is stored information. A schema, then, is a generalized description or a conceptual system for understanding knowledge-how knowledge is represented and how it is apply. According to this theory, schemata represent knowledge about concepts objects and the relationships they have with other objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions, and sequences of actions. A simple example is to think of your schema for dog.Within that schema you most plausibly have knowledge about dogs in general (bark, four legs, teeth, hair, and tails) and belike information about specific dogs, such as collies (long hair, large, Lassie) or springer spaniels (English, docked tails, liver and white or black and white, Millie). You may also think of dogs indoors the greater context of animals and other living things that is, dog s breathe, need food, and reproduce. Your knowledge of dogs might also include the fact that they are mammals and thus are warm-blooded and remain firm their young as opposed to laying eggs.Depending upon your personal experience, the knowledge of a dog as a pet (domesticated and loyal) or as an animal to business (likely to bite or attack) may be a part of your schema. And so it goes with the development of a schema. Each new experience incorporates more information into ones schema. The second principle of CLOA states that the mind can be studied scientifically. Cognitive processes are difficult to study. They often occur rapidly, and inside the mind so they cannot be observed directly.It is only the responses that role players make when given some cognitive task to perform that can tell us about cognitive processes. These tasks commonly take place under tightly controlled lab experiments where the main aim is to isolate a particular component of the cognitive process for the study. One of the early and most famous experiments into cognitive processes is the Stroop Effect. The Stroop effect is a phenomena involved in attentional processes. Although we will actually focus on the process of memory this is a good study to look at.People are often introduced to the Stroop Effect in beginning psychology classes as they mark about how their brains process information. It demonstrates the do of interference, processing speed (reaction time) and automaticity in divided attention. The effect is named after John Ridley Stroop who first published the effect in English in 1935. In his experiments, J. R. Stroop administered some(prenominal) variations of the same test for which three different kinds of stimuli were created. In the first one, names of colors appeared in black ink.In the second, names of colors appeared in a different ink than the color named. Finally in the third one, there were squares of a given color. In the first experiment, 1 and 2 were used. The task necessary the participants to read the written color names of the words in parasiticly of the color of the ink (for example, they would have to read purple no matter what the color of its ink was). In the second experiment, input 2 and 3 were used, and participants were required to say the color of the letters independently of the written word with the second kind of stimulus and also name the color of the dot squares.If the word purple was written in red, they would have to say red, plainly not purple when the squares were shown, the participant would have to say its color. Stroop, in the third experiment, tested his participants at different stages of practice at the tasks and stimulus used in the first and second experiments, to tarradiddle for the effects of association. Stroop noted that participants took much longer to complete the color reading in the second task than they had taken to name the colors of the squares in experiment 2. This delay had not appeared i n the first experiment.Such interference was explained by the automation of reading, where the mind automatically determines the semantic meaning of the word (it reads the word red and thinks of the color red), and then must intentionally check itself and identify instead the color of the word (the ink is a color other than red), a process that is not automatized. This is a classic laboratory experiment that involves the manipulation of an independent variable (colour or name of word) to see what effect it has on the dependent variable (reaction time).It attempts to control the regularize of all other extraneous variables such as other cognitive processes or skills. It also allows us to establish a cause and effect relationship between task and mental process. The strengths of the experiment are that it got valid results but however was still very unethical which not usuall in psychology is. One more strength is that it is an easy experiment which does not need a lot of input to c arry out. The study can be considered cross cultural as any human would act the same in this situation.Obviously the reaction times would be different but in the end anyone would take longer to read the words writte in a different colour. Cognitive processes are influenced by social and cultural factors, is the disceptation which forms the third principle. Although cognitive tasks such as memory and attention are universal, there are cross cultural variations in processing mechanisms. Bartletts study demonstrates how memory can be distorted by cultural schemas. Schemas are representations of knowledge based on experience. In his study in which British participants were asked to recall a native American folktale.He found that the story of The War of the Ghosts was difficult for Western people to reproduce exactly because of its cultural content which was unfamiliar to them so in fact they encoded the meaning of the story adapted to their existing cultural schemas. As a result Bartl ett concluded that interpreting plays a large role in remembering events or stories. We reconstruct the past and try to make it fit into our schemata, the more difficult this is to do, the more likely it is that elements are forgotten or distorted so that it fits and remembering is integrally related to the social and cultural context in which it is practiced.Cole and Scribner (1974) studied memory skills in both American and Liberian children. They argued that cognitive processes are universal but not cognitive skills. Cognitive skills are dependent on the environment education, social interaction, culture and technologies make up the environment they observed the effects formal schooling / education (culture) had on memory they compared recall of a series of words in the US and amongst the Kpelle people using word lists that were culturally specific.They found that in general educated Kpelle children performed better in the recall of list than no educated Kpelle children and th ose overall American children performed better than Kpelle children. Although this could be interpreted as memory skills being better amongst Americans children than Kpelle (African) children such an interpretation would overlook the influence of culture. Western schooling emphasizes certain cognitive strategies such as clustering / categorizing.It is unlikely such parallels exist in traditional societies like the Kpelle People learn to remember in ways that are relevant for their everyday lives, and these do not always mirror the activities that cognitive psychologists use to investigate mental processes The strengths of this lab study are that it was carried out ethically and the with the results we can almost confirm the cross cultural validity but of course we cant confirm it with atomic number 6% as exceptions will always be there. The applications of this study are basically already demonstrated within the study as it can be used for memory in schools or even at a working pla ce.

Brigadier General Muhammad Siddiq Salik: Biography

Brigadier General Muhammad Siddiq Salik (1935) (September 6, 1935 August 17, 1988), was a 1 star habitual in the Pakistan Army and former music director-general of the Inter Services Public dealing who headed ISPR from August 1985 till his death. Brigadier-General Salik is most known as a close associate of former Pakistani President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. Siddique Salik was born in colonisation Manglia Kharian, Gujrat District, Punjab. He belongs to a noble Jat family. Salik schooled in Lahore and graduated from Punjab University earning a degree in incline literature and international relations.Before receiving his commission in the Pakistan Army, Salik had taught English literature in few colleges in Lahore. Salik fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. In 1971, Salik, as Major, was stationed in East Pakistan, when the 1971 Pakistan-India (fought between 26 March-16 December) and Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 (fought between 3 December-16 December) took place. Captured by Indian troops on December 19, 1971, Salik was initially incarcerated in Agra jail before being shifted to various other prisons as a prisoner of War.He was eventually handed over to Pakistan under the Simla Agreement which vouched for exchange of prisoners. Salik was a celebrated writer. He wrote an insightful book titled ravisher to resign (Urdu version Meinay Dhaka Doobtay Dekha) based on his recollection of the contend. In 1977, General Zia became President of Pakistan following a bloodless coup. Zia-ul-Haq removed civilian officers from top posts and appoint a new military junta, which included Salik amongst its members.On August 17, 1988, Salik was traveling with President Zia in his plane as his press secretary and director general inter services public relations, alongwith U. S. ambassador Arnold Raphel, when the plane crashed under mysterious circumstances killing all on board. Salik authored six Urdu and 3 English books. Among these, the Witness to Surrender (ISBN 81 -7062-108-9) recounts the 1971 Pakistan-India war, as seen by Salik who was posted there as the Public Relations Officer. His other books include humaa yaran dozak(a recollection of his years as a risoner of war after the fall of Dacca, East Pakistan), ta damay tehreer (Urdu), emergency, pressure cooker (both novels in Urdu), Salute (biography of his years in army), State vs Politics, A Case study of Pakistan. All his books became high hat sellers. Brigaidier Siddique Salik is survived by his widow,three daughters and a son. His son Sarmad Salik is a known Islamabad based journalist. He has been director news of state run TV channel Ptv and director current affairs of Ary news besides having worked for national and international newspapers and TV networks.

Payroll System of Manufacturing Company Essay

Payroll is the basic need for an employee but employees need much to satisfy them. For that reason employers founder to exit various kinds of recompense techniques. Manufacturing companies are not beyond that. S. Nahar Garments, a sister concern of mohammadi Group, is one of them. Cur take inly this conference doing their business in garments sector only. They provide different types of incentives it their proles with operate. Incentives advance employees to their duties and eliminate dissatisfaction. By incentives employees can be motivated and get the best output from them.It means producers can increase their production by giving net to their employees. In this assignment we tried to find out about the wage-plan of this company. We have to a fault come to know that Bangladesh Government has amended the labor law. So, e real producer has followed that rules. Moreover we have around recommendation to improve incentives techniques for increase production and motivate repr esenters. BRIEF HISTORY Readymade garments sector is one of the most potential sectors of Bangladesh. 75 portion of the export revenue is earned from the readymade garments sector.S. Nahar garments is one of the active company in the garments sector to contribute in the earnings of foreign exchange. The company is a sister concern of Mohammadi group. It is an ISO 90012002 certified organization. It was established in 1985. Mohammadi group is one of the renowned companies in Bangladesh. This group contributes a lot in the garments sector of Bangladesh. This group has several garments in different areas in Bangladesh. The head office of Mohammadi group is located at Motijheel in Dhaka. Its factories are scattered in different areas in Bangladesh.It has factory in Badda, Mirpur, Naraynganj, Savar, Kanchpur, Adamjee EPZ and other different areas. All readymade garments produced from these factories are exported to Europe and North American market. 60 percent of its products are exporte d to European market and rests of the 40 percent are exported to North American market. Business Tycoon Md. Habibur Rahman is the owner of this group. Couple of years ago this group has true estate business also. scarce now real estate business has been separated from this group. OBJECTIVES OF THIS REPORT Every analyze has an objective. Our study is not separate from that.The general objective of this report is to let on the wage plan of a manufacturing company. We make this report on S. Nahar Garments (a manufacturing company) for preparing the incentive wage plan. Also such report gives the opportunity to prepare a real business report that will help us to makes report in future for companies. SCOPES OF THE STUDY This study was an opportunity for us to know about the wage plan and incentives in manufacturing company. We also gather familiarity about labor demands, and how to satisfy them. This kind of information helps us to know what incentives would be effective.All this kn owledge will be helpful in our future career, when we will be a production manager or entrepreneur in manufacturing company. As we study before which incentives eliminate dissatisfaction and motivate labors. So, labors become more effective, dutiful, and sincere in their roleplay by incentives. LIMITATIONS We found that all manufacturing companies do not take like incentives plan. There are some limitations in S. NAHAR GARMENTS. These are as follows ? There is no piece work plan facility. ?They does not have 100 percent bonus plan. ? There is no group bonus plan facility. They do not have allowance for launch We directly visit their industry and take incentives from companies Public & Administration Manager and Deputy Technical Manager. Bangladesh govt. amended the wage law few years ago. According to this law there is a token(prenominal) wage and every garments and factories must follow these rules. S. Nahar garments is not exceptional from that. It gives its workers wage by fol lowing the wage law. There are 7 different levels/ put of workers based on training and experience. Levels Basic wage shack rent (30% of Basic)Medical allowance Total gross wage Grade-7 1125 337. 5 200 1662. 50 Grade-6 1270 381 200 1851 Grade-5 1420 426 200 2046 Grade-4 1577 473. 1 200 2250. 10 Grade-3 1730 519 200 2449 Grade-2 2800 840 200 3840 Grade-1 3800 1140 200 5140 Wage table Fixed by The Govt. of Bangladesh The above table shows that, in Grade-7 the basic wage of a worker is 1125 taka. He or she will get 30 percent of basic as a house rent and 200 taka medical allowance which is fixed. So the correspond wage of a worker in grade-7 is 1662. 50 taka. And this is the minimum wage rate for every garments and factory.As same as the basic wage of a worker in Grade-6 is 1270 taka and total wage is 1851 taka. The basic wage of a worker in Grade-5 is 1420 taka and total wage is 2046 taka. In Grade-4 basic wage is 1577 taka and total wage is 2250. 10 taka. In Grade-3 basic wage is 1 730 taka and total wage is 2449 taka. The basic wage for Grade-2 and 1 are 2800 taka and 3800 taka respectively and total wages are 3840 taka and 5140 taka respectively. So in every grade the worker will get a basic wage, prescribed he or she will get 30 percent house rent of basic and 200 taka fixed medical allowance.Bangladesh govt. follows the following rule to exercise set up a workers total wage in every grade. Total Wage = Basic wage + (Basic wage ? .3) + 200 House rent Medical allowance S. Nahar Garments Company also gives some extra benefit to motivate its workers. It gives its workers 100 taka as attendance allowance. In this garments every worker has to work 6 long time in a week and rest of the day is holiday for the worker. If any worker is present all the working days then he or she will be given 100 taka as attendance allowance.If he or she in 2 or less(prenominal) than 2 days then he or she will get 50 taka as attendance allowance. If any worker is absent in more t han 2 working days then no attendance allowance is applicable. This allowance is on monthly basis. The company also provides bonus on the gay season. That means on Eid, Puja the worker gets 50 percent bonus on his gross wage. There are overtime facilities for the workers in this garment. Every worker has to work 8 hours in a day and 48 hours in a week. He or she is allowed to work up to 60 hours in a week. For the overtime hours he or she will get 2 times wage of basic.This company does not provide any production bonus. The garments company also provides some others facilities. It provides drugs for its sick workers. The female workers get 16 week leave as maternity benefit. There is also a daycare centre for those female workers who have children RECOMMENDATION From the survey in S. Nahar Garments, we learn that their incentives wage plan is not much encouraging. So we advise that, they should provide launch allowances and follow the piece work plan. By using this plan they can i ncrease their production. It is using motivation of labors.Because piece work plan give value of the labors work, and increase their wage. This plan also increases production, which can generate companys revenue. That means increase profits. So this plan will be effective and profitable for the company CONCLUSION At the end of the report it is quite evident that the wage plan of the S. Nahar Company is not very high. But, to increase this potential S. Nahar Garments must plan its way very carefully. We have formulated all the strategies needed to gain substantial wage plan. Now S. Nahar Company must follow all those strategies.Any lack of perpetration in S. Nahar Garments part would result in a disaster. But after establishing themselves in organization they must not feel like winners. Making a greater wage for employees is not the end of the story it wont be living happily ever after. Because it is nothing about the fairy tales, alternatively the real world that is getting more and more dynamic and uncertain and where it is to believe that problems are there always but along with the solutions. It is just the initiatory that should be taken at that moment to find the solution.

Socio Economic Effects Of Stroke Health And Social Care Essay

In most of the developed states, cerebrovascular accident or cranny is a common cause of drop dead and disablement. slash ranks 3rd as a cause of decease after bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease in U.S.A and U.K. The one-year economic disbursal due to cerebrovascular accident has been estimated to transc complete 7 billion dollars in U.S.A. Prevalence rates reported for cerebrovascular accident universe extensive vary between 500 to 800 per 1,00,000 population. ( Nolen,2008 )Stroke is the 3rd prima cause of decease in the United States. It accounts for rough 1,64,000 mortalities yearly. An estimated 5,50,000 people experience stroke each(prenominal) twelvemonth. Stroke is besides a chief cause of grownup disablement. In United States more than 4 million scissure subsisters atomic number 18 populating with changing localize of disablement.Stroke is socio economically really important in older people. Harmonizing to WHO, throw was the 2nd commonest cause of world -wide mortality rate in 1990 and the 3rd commonest cause of mortality in more developed states it was besides the ground for ab bulge 4A4 million deceases worldwide. In 1999, the figure of deceases due to stroke ailing 5A54 million worldwide, and two-thirds of these occurred in slight developed states. Stroke was found to be a major cause of long-run disablement and, has potentially tremendous emotional and socioeconomic effectuate for patients, their households, and wellness services. The case-fatality rate due to stroke varies from 11.7 % to 32.4 % . An estimated 15 million people worldwide survived minor shot each twelvemonth and about 4,800,000 in the USA, in which 50 % of instances each twelvemonth are in adult females. ( Health Statistics for US,2002 )The incidence of shot in the U.S has declined, but at that place is no diminution in the badness. Harmonizing to background teaching it is a pickings neurological cause of long term disablement. ( Davidson,2008 ) .Annually an estimated 50,000 individuals in Canada suffer from shot. thither is 5.4 million persons who have a bill of shot and up to 3,00,000 shot subsisters in Canada. Each twelvemonth about 16,000 dice from shot in Canada. ( Hock s article, 2003 )The prevalence of shot varies. Over the last 30 old ages at that place has been a definite addition in the prevalence and incidence of shot in India ( The Hindu, butt 2008 )The prevalence of shot in India scopes from 40 to 270 per 100 000 population. Approximately 12 % of all shots occur in the population of greater than 40 old ages of age. study hazard factors are high simple eye pressure, hyperglycaemia, baccy usage, and low haemoglobin degrees. In major infirmaries 2 per centum of infirmary enrollments, 1.5 per centum of medical enrollments and 9 to 30 per centum of neurological admittances histories for stroke.The National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health has pointed out that instances of shot would accession from 1,081,480 in 20 00 to 1,667,372 in 2015. The ICMR quite a little on Burden of Disease ( 2005 ) has found that there has been an addition in the figure of shot instances in India during the last one and a half decennaries by 17.5 % . There was besides an addition in mortality rate by 7.8 %Dr. Ashok cites that statistically India may be seeing every bit many as 200 shots for every 100,000 cross subdivision of the population.Dr. RK Srivastava ( 2008 ) estimated that 3 million adult females and 2.5 million work forces worldwide dice from shot every twelvemonth, and in developed states it is the 3rd commonest cause of decease. In China it is the taking cause of long term disablement since about two-thirds of patients require rehabilitation. Almost 10 % of shot patients recovered wholly, 25 % showed minor damage, 40 % had moderate to repellent damages that required particular tutelage.Dr. D Nagaraj ( 2007 ) discussed on the quickly increasing shot load due to altering population with increasing life a nticipation. There is a broad fluctuation in the incidence ( 13-105/100,000 ) , prevalence ( 52-842/100,000 ) of shot across the state and in the past decennaries. Case human last ranges from 11.7 % -32 % .The ischaemic shots account for 70 % to 80 % . The surveies nevertheless, have reported a higher per centum of haemorrhagic shots. The individual most of import hazard factor is found to be high blood pressure.The prevalence of smoking baccy varies from 28 % to 50 % in different surveies and of intoxicant usage ranged from 1.5 % to 47 % . Hypercoagulopathies accounted for 6 % of shot, hyperhomocysteinemia was recorded to be high in 40 % of storke clients. 57 % of diability have been recorded in most surveies.Shymal K. Das and Tapas K. Banerjee ( 2003 ) conducted a population based survey on shot in Kolkata to happen out the prevalence, incidence and instance human death hazards. The findings shows that, the prevalence and incidence rates of shot in this survey are similar to or higher than many surveies conducted in western states. The entire instance human death rates in India is among the highest class of shot human death in the universe.In 2006,105 instances were detected in 6 months in Tamil Nadu, among which 36 % were of age less than 40yrs,39 % were of 40-60yrs of age. The survey shows that 26 % of clients had a old history of shot. 8 out of 11 screened for homocysteinemia.Epidemiologic surveies on shot published on equal reviewed diaries during the past 10 old ages were identified utilizing MEDLINE and pubmed hunts and were reviewed utilizing the haveion of WHO s shot compound Infobase. Harmonizing to WHO, the figure of stroke events is proposed to increase from 1.1 million per twelvemonth in 2000 to more than 1.5 million per twelvemonth in 2025. ( World Health memorial tablet 2007 )In 2005, estimations indicated that 58 million people died, in which chronic diseases accounted for 35 million deceases ( 60 % ) . Cardiovascular diseases, chiefly bos om disease and shot caused 17A5 million deceases Stroke is the 2nd prima individual cause of decease, with 5A8 million fatal instances per twelvemonth, 40 % of which are in people of age less than 70 old ages. About 15 million new instances occur every twelvemonth, and about 55 million people have experienced shot in the yesteryear, either with or without residuary disability.By 2025, four out of five shot events will happen in people populating in these parts. ( International Stroke Surveillance, 2005 )Around half of shot subsisters suffer with important disablement. Physiotherapy will help in recovering every bit much motion and social function as possible. Neurological shot physical therapy helps to better balance and walking, increases ability to execute simple to complex undertakings, cut down cramp, hurting and stiffness. It besides helps to increase strength, to retain normal forms of motion, additions affected appendages map and increases energy degree. ( Samuel.J et.al,200 8 )The search actors besides observed that most of the patients were dependent in run intoing the swelled head attention activities. Nurses are frequently in the forepart of stroke dictation. Health instruction is a critical measure in accomplishing conformity. Patients understanding may find the ultimate success of the rehabilitation and better the ability.Since shot with unilateral paralysis is a major job, the self-importance attention abilities of a patient should be identified and should be taught to be independent in run intoing their ain motives.The research worker from her short period of clinical experience has observed that most of the shot patients have odds-on erudition sing causes, direction and bar. Therefore people should be encouraged to cognize about these facets.Sing the big figure of patients admitted in the infirmary, the research worker is of the sentiment that the wellness instruction booklet needs to be prepared which will assist the patients to acquire lore on cause, direction, bar and to better their self-importance attention ability.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A survey to measure the cognition and to place the ego attention abilities of shot patients in Senthil Multi distinctive feature Hospital, Erode, Tamil Nadu .OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYTo measure the cognition of patients sing shot.To place the ego attention abilities of shot patients.To happen out the relationship between cognition and self attention abilities of shot patients.To find the tie of cognition and self attention abilities with selected socio demographic variables of shot patients.To fix a wellness instruction booklet on shot.OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONSAppraisalIt refers to statistical measuring of cognition of patients about shotKNOWLEDGEIt refers to patients awareness sing significance, causes, hazard factors, marks and symptoms, diagnostic steps, direction and bar of secondary shot onslaught.StrokeIt refers to a neurologic alterations caused by an break in the blo od supply to a portion of the encephalon.HemiplegiaIt refers to neurological shortage in which there is functional disablement of one side of the organic structure.DesignationIt refers to a action or procedure of finding the ego attention abilities of shot patients.SELF CARE ABILITIESIt refers to those activities that the patient is able to execute independently.PatientsIt refers to clients admitted with shot and receiving intervention for more than 3 hebdomads.HEALTH EDUCATION PAMPHLETIt refers to information in a written signifier sing definition, causes, hazard factors, clinical manifestations, hospital direction and place attention direction of shot.PremisePatients will hold short cognition sing shot.Patients who had stroke face assorted self attention shortage in their recovery period.RestrictionStudy was confine to stroke patients with unilateral paralysis who are admitted for more than 3 hebdomads in one peculiar infirmary, so the findings can non be generalized.Patients wh o are in the age group of 35-65 old ages.Study was limited merely to 40 patients.Study was limited to those who are willing to take part in the survey.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKA conceptual model is a set of constructs and propositions that spell out the relationship between them. The overall intent is to do scientific findings meaningful and generalisable. Concepts are the mental images of phenomena and are the edifice blocks of the survey.Polit and Hungler ( 1999 ) states that the conceptual model is an interconnected construct of abstractions that are assembled together in some strategy by their relevancy to a common thing. This is a device that helps to excite research and the extension of cognition by supplying both way and drift.The present survey is aimed at measuring the ego attention ability and cognition of shot patients in Senthil Multi Speciality Hospital, Erode.The conceptual model selected for the survey is based on Orem s self attention shortage theory ( 1985 ) . Orem defin ed self attention as learned, end oriented activity directed toward the ego in the involvement of keeping life, wellness development and good being.Major CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONSOrem labels her ego attention theory of nursing as a general theory composed of three related constructs.THE CONCEPT OF SELF CAREDescribes and explains self attention. What the client should execute to keep hygiene. In this survey it is the ego attention activities performed by the client like bathing, dressing, combing, eating, ambulation, lavatory usage and placement.THE CONCEPT OF SELF CARE DEFICITDescribes and explains why people can be helped through nursing.In this survey it is the province in which the client is non able to execute the ego attention activities ( bathing, dressing, eating, ambulation, intestine and bladder control ) or the dependence degree that require uphold in run intoing the ends.THE CONCEPT OF Nursing SYSTEMIt is a uninterrupted series or actions that are directed to run into ind ividual s curative ego attention demand.There are three types of nursing schemaWHOLLY COMPENSATORY SYSTEMIf the client is unable to execute actions, the system is entirely compensatory that is the nurse performs all actions. In this survey, it refers to the to the full dependent shot clients or those requires assistance to execute their activities of day-to-day life like bathing, dressing, combing, eating, vesica and intestine control, ambulation and placement.PARTIALLY COMPENSATORY SYSTEMIf the nurse and patient portion the duty, the system is partly compensatory. In this survey, it refers to the partly independent and partly dependent shot clients those who requires moderate aid by the important others or nurse in performance the activities of day-to-day life like feeding, bathing, ambulation, placement.SUPPORTIVE EDUCATIVE SYSTEMWhen a patient provides all self care necessitating motions and lone instruction is required as a gridiron to activity so it is supportive educative s ystem. In this survey, it refers to the to the full independent shot clients, those who are able to make the ego attention activities and requires wellness instruction sing bar of accidents, safe bed to chair and chair to bed transportation techniques, importance of early rehabilitation to better the societal activities and steps to forestall the secondary shot onslaught.SELF CARE AGENCYIt is the person s ability to execute self care activities. It consists of two agencies.sSELF CARE AGENTThe individual who provides the ego attention. In this survey, the ego attention agent is client s with shot.DEPENDENT CARE AGENTThe individual other than the person who provides attention. In this survey, the dependant attention agent is the research worker, who assesses the cognition sing significance, hazard factors, causes, marks and symptoms, direction and bar of secondary shot onslaught.THERAPEUTIC SELF CARE DEMANDCurative ego attention demand is the summing up of ego attention actions to be performed for some continuance of clip and in some location to run into self care necessities particularized for a individual.In this survey, it refers to the impart cognition sing significance, causes, hazard factors, marks and symptoms, direction and bar of secondary shot onslaught and do the patient to execute self attention sing personal lavatory, eating, lavatory usage, vesica and intestine control, ambulation.This chapter dealt with the debut, demand for the survey, statement of the job, aim of the survey, operational definitions, premises, restriction and conceptual model.

Annotated Bibliography by Jennifer Hust Durand

Prepared by Jennifer Hust Durand, V. M. & Barlow, D. H. (2009). Essentials of abnormal psychology(5th Ed. ). Belmont, CA. Wadsworth. This book explains abnormal psychology through their the most modern, scientific method for studying the subject. Throughout the text, it ordain teach you that psychological disorders are rarely caused by a single influence, but rooted in multiple factors biological, psychological, cultural, social, familial, and even political. Kellner, Robert. Somatization and Hypochondriasis (1985).Praeger Publishers. This journal brought unneurotic a wide range of research, presenting new information on the nature of functional somatic symptoms and hypochondriasis. It displays surveys historical and current views on these topics, and explains similar symptoms. Bryant, Richard A. , Ph. D. and Harvey, Allison. G. Ph. D. Acute try Disorder A Handbook of Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. (Jan. 2000). This article outlines techniques to prevent the development of PTSD by identifying and treating those with Acute Stress Disorder.Going on clinical and research experience, they review the fundamental issues, and detail the procedures for using cognitive behavior therapy to treat Acute Stress Disorder. Weissman MM, Bruce LM, Leaf PJ Affective disorders, in Psychiatric Disorders in America The Epidemiologic Catchment field of battle Study. Edited by Robins LN, Regier DA. New York, Free Press, 1991, pp 5380 This article describes the development of a brief and easy-to-use screening tool for bipolar spectrum disorder called the body fluid Questionnaire.Thornton, Louise Loots Re masking piecey From Schizophrenia. (2001) This article is a life experience story of Louise Thornton, a mother of three children. Two have been diagnosed with mental illness. Her son, diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, has been living with the symptoms for over 20 years. Her daughter has a dual diagnosis and severe depression. Erasmus, Susan. , Ford Fessenden for th e New York propagation Profile of a Rampage Killer. ,(Nov 2009) contents related to the manner in which reporters cover acts of explosive, homicidal violence, such as those that occurred in high schools in 2000, are examined, focusing on the technique taken by the staff of the New York Times when they did a story on nine such rampage murders. Topics include the systematic gathering of information, which showed the importance of such factors as mental illness, pre-murder threats, and job sledding and the use of computer software in analyzing the information. Taylor & Francis.Deputy General Counsel, Illinois Department of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities, Springfield, Illinois, Journal of Legal Medicine Volume 15, Issue 3 September 1994 , pages 471 478. The Journal of Legal Medicine is internationally circulated and includes articles and commentaries on topics of interest in legal medicine, health law and policy, professional liability, hospital law, nutrition and d rug law, medical legal research and education, the history of legal medicine, and a broad range of other related topics.

Should Tourism Be Allowed in Antartica

Should Tourism be allowed in Antarctica? There is no doubt Antarctica is an incredible tourist destination. Visitor numbers have increased cursorily over the last few decades. During 1998-99, in the summer season, over 10,000 tourists visited Antarctica, compared with less than 2000, 19 years ago. This is not necessarily a good thing what some all of the pollution people cause whilst travelling to Antarctica? This brings us to the question Should Tourism be allowed in Antarctica?Some people think that tourism should be allowed in Antarctica. They think that people need to be educated about how Antarctica an extreme environment and climate. They think that we need to know what we are doing to the Earth such(prenominal) as, we are sp covering their habitat by global warming because we are creating too much pollution, therefore creating the green house effect. It could be argued that because Antarctica is such a remote place we need to experience the different cultures, wild life and s cenery.They in like manner believe that Antarctica has a magnificent wilderness with majestic mountains, glaciers, icebergs and abundant wildlife. Its remoteness, inaccessibility and severe climate add an element of adventure to a visit to Antarctica. On the other hand scientists want to go to Antarctica to find out so much more about it. They similarly carry out the kind of science in Antarctica, that cannot be foundere any were in the world they also contribute to solving a global problem.Other people think that tourism should not be allowed in Antarctica because people Might introduce germs and diseases because when people dont clean their boots they will get muddy and will pollute the water. When people are sick and they go too close to the animals they will found the diseases to them and the animals wont survive. Also when humans are taken to Antarctica they might harm the animals there, for instance they will leave gimcrackery in animal habitats. They also might scare the animals with flash photography.They also believe that people might trample penguins breeding areas therefore the number of penguins will go down and in the end the penguins will turn extinct. There are many worries about pollution in Antarctica as well. In the Gulf of Mexico there has been a huge oil spill in the ocean, what if that happened to Antarctica? All of the animals would die, if they keep drinking from the water. In approximately 10 years there will be a huge rubbish dump, because we are leaving too much rubbish in Antarctica. Although tour boats may give people more jobs they are leaving oo much beetle off in its path. Human Waste and leftover food scraps are usually thrown over the side of boats during tours. This is dangerous for the animals because they might eat it and they would to the highest degree probably die. To conclude, I think that tourism should not be allowed in Antarctica unless they are scientist and going to preserve the content or to do research on Antarctica but there has to be rule that you have to get permission from the government and you have to be based a certain amount of surpass away from the animals main habitat.

In the Devil’s Snare Essay

There bring in been several interpretations of the capital of Oregon Witchcraft Crisis of 1692. Like every issue that has come up, everyone has their own take on it. bloody shame Beth Norton chose to set up out her version of the witchcraft trials in her moderate, In the Devils Snare. It is a tremendously aspirant book. Throughout the book, Norton is trying to lay out connections between the experiences of settlers in Maine, the accusations of the afflicted in Salem, and the actions and decisions of the colony leaders.Ill admit, I shamt know much about the Salem Witchcraft Trials, if any(prenominal)thing at all. I had the choice of watching The Crucible in high school, but I turned it down and chose to read a different book. Therefore, I really had not choice but to believe Norton when she said that her get along to examining the witchcraft crisis was a new one. Instead of looking at events case-by-case, she starts at the very beginning (the archetypal whisper of an accusati on) and moves chronologically through the entire episode. When it was needed, Norton would pause to add substantiateground information.Mary Beths express of view of the Salem Witchcraft Crisis is that it all was triggered by from the results of the Indian Wars. She believes that the only way this crisis could be understood, is if you looked at the legions conflict between the English settlers and the Native Americans from that region. By the specific attention paid to Tituba, Martha Corey, and Abigail Hobbs, Norton shows how these individuals contributed to the linkage between the witchcraft crisis and the military conflict with the natives. In my opinion, I think Nortons conclusion should have been put at the start. This is where she explains her thesis, which was that witchcraft crisis of 1692 was in large part a reaction to King Philips War and King Williams War, clearly and concisely. Mary Beth does a good job at connecting the participants to the Wars barely I dont think s hes very convincing when it came to showing how the lack of military and leadership in the war was a driving force to the creation of the Salem Witchcraft Trials.Mary Beth Nortons, In The Devils Snare, was very well written piece of literature. I commend her on stepping outside of what other authors had written about and creating her own version of the Salem WitchCraft Crisis of 1692. Norton has a warm add up of supporting material that shes gotten from other sources. The amount of the research involved to write her 304 summon book is quite impressive and is ultimately breathtaking. I can only imagination how time overwhelming it was to lay out all the researched material and piece it together with her side of things. Just the thought of focusing needed to piece this book together gives me a headache.However, all this information did make the book less(prenominal) interesting to me. To be honest, I dont think Ive ever picked up a book that had 86 pages of endnotes It made the bo ok a drag because I had to continuously keep flipping back and forth between the story itself, and the side notes. Sometimes a reader can get out-of-door with skipping the end notes however, I felt it was necessary to going back and forth because if I didnt, I dont think I would have understood most of it. Sometimes Nortons side notes helped illuminate what I was version.All in all, In The Devils Snare was a decent book. I dont think I ever found it really interesting at any point, nor was there a place that made me command to keep reading and not push the book aside for a little. My recommendation to others would be limited. This isnt a book I would recommend to those that want something to read in their free time. I feel like all of her background information, and the tedious amount of flipping back and forth would put many people to sleep. I had a hard time reading more than 30 pages at a time I think the only people I would recommend this book to would be those who take cert ain interest in this time frame of history. I think this would be a book theyd like, just because its given at a different angle.

Impacts of Indian Cinema on Children of Pakistan

The Indian picture is currently the Largest film producer in the world. The film industry has been highly rewarding when it comes to the national economy of India. Be it movies, to movie stars, the idea and the childs play they portray has been highly admired and enjoyed by people worldwide especi exclusivelyy in Pakistan. Thousands of films produced per annum ar watched by millions of people from children to adults. And is a big source of encouragement for the young to come up and be a part of the largest industry in the world.It might be a huge source of encouragement for the Youth but on the other hand the films acquit proved to harbour influenced the young generations on a huge scale in this era. As most of the tech-smart are basically the young generations today, they automatically read access to all sort of media and public forums.Teenagers especially today are too inspired by movies today, they look for pauperism and situations they find relatable in their daily life as entertainment. Prior to that, Indian plastic film is well aware what kind of audition to Target today, which is earning a plow of revenue for them today.Especially in Pakistan, us Pakistani enjoy and idolize our favorite Indian movies and actors. Every country campaignd their religion, tradition and culture through media and India has been preferably successful in doing that. Today our Muslim children have memorized all the rituals that are performed in exorcism movies ( I.e 1920 the movie) and all the Hindu prayers instead of whats in the Quran and its message.Furthermore Indian movies always come up with a feature song, which basically is also populaten as keepsake Song. Which features famous actresses for a dance motion in the movie. Such movies have been a huge source of negativity in our country. Indian movies promote nudity and vulgarity which is strictly forbidden in the laws of Islam. The young generations is very much attracted to such movies, songs and stars, which have proved to be very normal.The sad part is that even parents are so outdated from technology they have no idea around the current affairs and what their children are doing on their devices. Our Film assiduity seems highly motivated to compete the Indian Cinema too, as they in their recent movies have been featuring Item Songs (i.e Karachi se Lahore).There are various Indian Movies that have been produced to promote rivalry amidst Pakistan and India which has been a very huge point of negativity leading to recreation of write up. This has created a negative image about Pakistan in the minds of our children because the Indian Cinema has blinded the youth by showing false glories and fabricated history to encourage the greatness of Hindustan. The young minds in return get double minded and curious to know what exactly is behind the story and not everyonr is able to prove what actually happened because our elders and seniors, they themselves have been idolizing the Indian Cinem a throughout ages.On the brighter side, there are a few confirmative disturbs too, movies like Tarey Zameen Par, 3 Idiots have been quite encouraging and inspirational for the whole nations as the stories they portray have effected A lot of minds from teachers to students who has changed alot of perspectives of people regarding studies.LITERATURE REVIEWWith the collaboration of British film Institute, UK film Council and film London two have explored on the local celluloid. Theyve depicted and looked into the have-to doe with of Local film on their communities and to develop impact measurement tools, they selected 5 case take away cinemas and initial desk enquiryes to explore existing literature on the impact measurement methodologies. They dabbled cinemas of the urban and rural areas of UK. And the research they discoursed and depicted the social, cultural and environmental impacts of Local cinema and overview of income and expenditure on and of cinema.Suraj pratap had some a ims behind this desertation which was to analyze the relation of cinnama and Society. There were personal references of the Indian audience on the basis of interest. They discussed the impact of cinema on audience and understood the factors of bollywood either itd be positive or negative. He implemented the method in which he conducted the number of studies across the world allow in India.They have researched on the students that how science parable films has an effect on them. Even nowadays Hollywood industry is working on the sci-fic movies way too much and the way modern world is departure ahead, students have gained interest in these sort of movies. Theyve studied context and participants have collected data. They found this by naturalistic research method, students who watched this science fiction movies had some number of misunderstandings about earth science concepts as compared to the students who dont watch the movies. It personal effects negatively and makes a false con cept of Science phenomena.They researched just to get the make out of the question as title mentioned it, 3D movies has the genre where viewers can imagine that all the scenes are having the plave infront of them and all scenerios are in real. We are just going in the flow with the movie and creates the fiction place, characters and story. The methods they used in this research was the sickness questionaire in which they study if it effecting the children negatively as rays may effects them negatively on the other hand they study the design and its eligibility and they made the stastical analysis too.Its a research in which linda rufer defines how movies are effecting children and teenagers psycological manner, where she connects movies with the emotions of children as viewers they connects the fictional movie with themselves as films has the feel of words and actions. Linda describes the incontrovertibility in movies numerous characters have pure soul with the positivity in it w here children can get motivation and let them think about their lives, gives hope and energy.Discussion about the category and traits in the research is visible, movies helps children to differenciate between the wrong and right path where teamwork and other good habits like forgiving, being down to earth and many others like this may help teens to get themselves on the road of success.RESEARCH METHADOLOGYQualative method will be use in this research, Where I will choose 5 to 10 movies as case study to find the objectives and characters of the movies and how they are effecting on the children of pakistan. I will conduct a small interview with the parents in which I discuss the routine of their children and which sort of things children pick after watching movies it leads me to get the answers of my questions.HYPOTHESISNULL HYPOTHESIS Ho Indian movies has vulgarity and unacceptable elements for the children.ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS HI Indian movies has not vulgarity and unacceptable el ements for the children.REFERENCES British film institute, UK film council, Film LONDON ( 5 November 2005 ). THE IMPACT OF LOCAL CINEMA Suraj Pratap Singh, Banaras hindu university ( Dept. Of Sociology ) Varanasi 22001 ( 4 feb 2015 ) IMPACT OF CINEMA ON YOUTH Heather Barnett, heather Wagner, Anne Gatling, Janice Anderson, Meredith Houle, Alan Kafka ( 25 August 2006 ). IMPACT OF recognition FICTION ON STUDENT UNDERSTANDINGS OF SCIENCE.Angelo G., Solimini ( 13 Feb 2013 ). ARE THERE SIDE EFFECTS TO WATCHING 3D MOVIES? Linda Rufer, University of Pennsylvania ( 1 August 2014 ). MAGIC AT THE MOVIES POSITIVE PSYCOLOGY FOR CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS AND FAMILIES.

Contemporary Status of Women in the Us Essay

Women have come a huge way from the early 1900s when they gained their equal right to vote, to now where it seems women have equal rights to do however close anything. Women have been increasingly joining the economic work military force since the last 100 long time or so. Although, women in the work force have been increasing in numbers atomic number 18 they granted an equal and fair chance comp bed to that of men? A quick glance on the subject would kick up that women are given equal and fair chances in the work force however, upon closer inspection it seems women in concomitant are not given the same fair and equal opportunities as men.Women are subjected to tune sexual urge segregation and unfair pay violates in comparison to men. Nevertheless, women are working diligently and successfully to break down these unjust barriers that are keeping them from having equal opportunities. According to Margaret L. Andersen and Dana Hysock Witham, in Thinking ab come in Women Soc iological Perspectives on Sex and Gender, gender segregation is the pattern whereby women and men are situated in different bank lines thought the labor force (128).This bay window be made an ex adenosine monophosphatele of in unequivocal occupations such as kindergarten and preschool teachers, nurses, librarians, and house cleaners, versus college professors, doctors, lawyers, and construction works. The former, when typically imagined, the first image that comes to mind is a woman, whereas the last mentioned is associated with a man. These occupations are associated with current genders because generally speaking those jobs are and have traditionally been a certain gender dominated. Philip N. Cohen, and Matt L.Huffman, in Occupational Segregation and the Devaluation of Womens Work Across U. S. Labor Markets, supposition that gender segregation in the workforce exists because of the discrimination twain in the allocation of workers across the job categories and in how female -dominated jobs are rewarded relative to male-dominated jobs (882). Women are blocked access to typical male dominated jobs because of affable ideas and cultural norms that say that women cannot effectively do the work of men, which requires intellect, leadership, hard labor, and other skills traditionally associated with men.Rather, women are unplowed in low paying jobs that often do not lead to promotions and involve skills that they have traditionally been known for, such as cooking, cleaning, taking care of children, obeying mens orders, and things of that nature. Because women and men are kept in jobs that relate to their traditional gender based skills, it creates a segregation of the labor force or else of creating a heterogeneous labor force were men and women are equally interested in and are hired in certain occupations.Womens work is similarly often undervalued in society, especially in comparison to the work of men. Because of this undervaluing of womens work women a re additionally rewarded far less than men are. A pursue gap is the difference amidst the recompense of men and women in the workforce. Today women earn plainly 77 percent of what men earn, at least on average (DeNavas-Walt qtd. in Andersen and Hysock Witham 137). The wage gap mingled with women and men can be attributed to occupational segregation and wage discrimination.Occupational segregation places women in lower skilled jobs that underutilize and devalues womens skills and potential to work and be successful in the labor force (Karamessini and Ioakimoglou 34). Employers usually pay their employees wages that they see fit in relation to, how much they concur an employee and his or her skills are worth in the company, and how they contribute to the company. Because womens work and skills are undervalued by a majority of society they are in turn paid less compared to men.Additionally, women usually seek out or are put into jobs that are women dominated. Again since womens w ork is undervalued, once an occupation becomes a woman dominated occupation, the job itself becomes less valuable and people in that job eventually are paid less in that occupation compared to if it had been a male dominated occupation. The wage gap is excessively impacted by wage discrimination. The unequal pay of women based on gender rather than qualifications and skills is wage discrimination. In Joel T. Nadler and Margaret S.Stockdales article, Workplace Gender Bias Not Just Between Strangers they quote Kolesnikova amp liu , Although the gender wage gap has been decreasing over the last thirty years there is exempt a difference in salary between men and women in similar careers with similar go across (282). Women are still being paid less than men despite having equal or pause fit skills and or qualifications than men. Women are making progress in making the wage gap between men and women non-existent, however, progress has been slowing.Women are slowly but surely making si gnificant progress in leveling the playing field in the labor market for both men and women. Progress can be seen in closing the wage gap between genders and in the desegregating of gender based jobs. The earnings gap between men and women has shrunk to a record low (Dennis 01a). Dennis attributes it to the prosperity of women in the 21century economy and the fact that the recession has negatively affected mens pay. He additionally continues to discuss how not just has white womens wages change magnituded, black womens wages have in addition seen an increase in the past nine years.Womens wages have been slowly increasing and becoming even with that of men. This increase can be attributed to women breaking down barriers of gender segregation in the work force. Women have been locomote into high-paying professional jobs such as accountants, lawyers and physician (Dennis 01a). These occupations are typically male dominated. However, it seems in recent years the occupations genders have been less homogenous and more of an even or close to even mixture of both genders.As women are taking over more male dominated jobs, such as perhaps managerial jobs, it seems that there are sacrifices that women have to make where as men usually do not. Studies sharpen career oriented women are more likely to delay relationships or children in order to aver their careers (Hoffnung qtd. Nadler and Stockdale 282). Because women are taking on traditionally male dominated occupations they are under extra scrutiny and watch, therefore, women feel the pressure to perform well and make sacrifices in the name of their job.Women can feel that in order to be successful they are required to choose work over family life. The pressures over execute well in a womens career life and also balancing their social or family life can create anxiety and unhealthy stress for women. Although, women have been successful in gain closing the wage gap and breaking down gender segregation within the workforce, their progress it seems has also come at the price of choosing a career or a family.Although women have come a long way since the early 1900s it seems that they are still subjected to unequal treatment compared to men. Women face gender segregation in the workforce which makes it difficult to attain prestigious and high paying jobs. Women are also subjected to being paid less than men regardless of having equal or superior skills. Nevertheless, women are approach these obstacles head on. Women are now more than CEOs, they are leveling the playing field between genders in the labor force and re demanding, and showing that they deserve equal pay.

Communication in Emergency Management

Abstract emergency brake is an event or locating that occurs erratically causing damage to man and society. Management of emergencies is non as easy as event solicitude. In tinge management, one has to be quicker, more knowledgeable and more resourceful in dealing with and resolve emergency cases.In the same way that event management requires communication among its headstone persons (organizer, speakers, etc.), emergency management inevitably more of this element in order to carry out emergency plans healthful, for an effective damage prevention. The diagnose players in managing well an emergency, namely the doctor, fire chief and police chief, must talk to one some other not only to effectively do their part in the emergency management edge, but withal to be able to minimize as much as possible the damage done or threatening to be done. Emergency Management 101Dealing with emergencies is not a joke. It is a serious and urgent incident requiring immediate action so tha t no supercharge harm can be made. Emergency delimitate is an urgent situation or circumstance threatening grave damage to man and society (P&I Services, 2006). Although emergencies are unpredictable, they can be dealt with proper knowledge and understanding both in handling the busy emergency and preventing further harm.Emergency management in its simplest sense is the process of managing emergencies or urgent situations. Managing an emergency includes mind or assistance to affected party/ies, prevention of further damage, preparation for after-shocks, responding to the situation swiftly and calmly, and recovering from such emergency situations (P&I Services, 2006).Emergency Management PlayersThe key players in the emergency management process are the hospital, fire department, and police department. The heads of these three institutions all contribute their part in the effective management of an emergency situation, and all their contributions greatly affect the success or fa ilure of an emergency management.Hospitals are health institutions that cater to the physical or biological welfare of people. Their role in emergency management is to operate the health condition of affected parties. They are very important in a sense that their occupation, which is homo health, is of great importance to an single, and in emergencies, threatening this part of human welfare is the first concern of an individual (Canton, 2006).The fire department on the other hand prevents the spreading of fire, the start of one, and minimizes the effects of fire to the people. awaken is a natural need of man to cook food for him, keep him warm, etc. But excessively much fire can threaten his welfare. The fire department, in the emergency management process, mobilizes fire situation if there is one, and prevents such fire from starting in order to minimize the harm already done.And of course, the police department plays a vital role in the documentation of emergencies. The fir st thing they do in an emergency situation is to mobilize the vicinity involved in the emergency, organizing the people within the vicinity to increase the help and assistance they can contribute in the proper and effective management of the disaster at hand.These key players need to bat together because even though they work differently, all their actions affect not unspoilt one another(prenominal), but the whole emergency situation itself as well. Effective communication is the key to a productive and optimized management of emergencies.Emergency Management ProcessThe flow of an emergency management is as followsFirst is the occurrence of the emergency. Emergencies take the form of major fire or explosion, flood, earthquake, storm or cyclone or twister, dangerous or threatening person/s (stalker/s, kidnapper/s, etc.), civil disorder, gas leak, chemical spill, and others. The initial response emergency management key players is to stay calm. As key players, their mind is in ensu ring the welfare of people, particularly others not themselves, and not on things (Deakin University, 2006).With an emergency management coordinator around, s/he surveys the scene, before assigning tasks and assignments to his/her key players. S/he will weigh the graveness of each victims predicament then grade those who need help most at the most immediate time, and only then would s/he delegate the task at hand (Deakin University, 2006).Once the key players see the damage, they do their roles and organize themselves to cater to the necessarily of people. They start do what should be done to stop or minimize the effect of the crisis and to prevent further harm. The emergency management team would have to do their tasks on the spot since the emergency they are nigh to accomplish require their immediate attention (Deakin University, 2006).After having briefly dealt with the emergencies, victims are then evacuated to some place progress and can accommodate to their needs more atte ntively.And of course, as emergency coordinator, s/he will tack together his/her team and evaluate the work they have just done.Communication During Emergency ManagementThe key players work together, and so they could press themselves a team. One could not completely accomplish a task if not for the help of another team mate. Their work is seen as a team, not as an individual, and so it is important that they communicate well with one another.The basic way to get them to talk to one another is to give them a primer to do so. Say, ask one of your key players to ask another key player about(predicate) something. This outline works when they have just met, and your team is not yet, of course, in the middle of a crisis.People are assured and comfortable in talking with another individual once they know something about them, even just their name. And so, as an emergency management coordinator, it would not hurt to hold an activity on the first meeting. not only would they know who they work with, but also it gives them the chance to get comfortable working as a team, and trust one another as team mates.Many childhood activities do work in order to get the people communicating with one another. People may lack the initiative and dominance to speak to another because of indifference. Games do sound childlike, but then grown-ups find these as guilty pleasures. constitute games and getting-to-know-you games are great starts for individuality-introduction activities.It would also greatly help if you, yourself as coordinator, do the talking first. Ask them about their interests, what they do other than the job they have, their history and the like. People talk when they know someone listens. Show that as coordinator, you want to listen, you are interested in your key player, and that you encourage others as well to listen and be interested.The art of talking does not only consist of saying everything about anything, rather saying things that concern your team tha t are of interest to them. Share your stories, to get them to share theirs, but then do not go overboard. Once they start, let them just handle the flow of the discussion.Another way of having them conversing with one another is scene up bonding sessions. Short, bonding, group activities allow individuals to be loose for a while and be median(a) human beings mindless of their work. Let them have such at the most convenient time, i.e. after a successful emergency management that didnt take much of their energy that would also serve as a victory celebration. The opportunities are endless.Organizing the Emergency Management GroupOrganizing an emergency management group is not easy. It is a serious matter dealing with serious situations. Such group involves peoplenormal, social individuals. Thus, communication cannot peradventure be taken away from such group. Communication not only strengthens the ties among the members of the group, but also allows them to work more efficiently.Ref erencesCanton, L. G. (2006). Emergency management concepts and strategies for effective programs. New York Pantheon.Deakin University. (2006 May, 1). Deakin University emergency management plan. Retrieved December 12, 2007 from http//www.deakin.edu.au/emergency/policies/procedures/Emergency%20Management%20Plan%202006%20Aug.pdfP&I Services. (2006 March, 7). Glossary. Retrieved December 12, 2007, from http//www.emergencymanagement.org.uk/faq/glossaryandacronyms/tabid/2090/Default.aspx

Oppression Theory That Supports Horizontal Violence Process Essay

Nurses are kn take to be the devoted caregiver of sick patients. How provoke the patients get rid of their burden if their own caregivers are in conflict among each new(prenominal)wise in hospital settings? When there is conflict in such variant of environment, it is called even fierceness, interpersonal conflict or bullying which is aggressive and destructive manner of nurses against each other (Woelfle & McCaffrey, 2007). It is an expression of oppressed group behavior evolving from get holdings of first self-esteem and lack of respect from others which is supported by the possibleness of oppression.According to the theory stated by Woelfle & McCaffrey (2007), in order for the horizontal violence to ride place in the nursing setting, oppression exists when a powerful and dominant group controls and exploits a less(prenominal) influential or easy target group. As a consequence the oppressed group displays low self esteem and self hatred as evidenced by anger and frustrat ion (Woelfle & McCaffrey, 2007).The theory of oppression helps to explain that the behaviors of horizontal violence arent directed at the individual but quite a is a response to the specific situation where one feels fear of punishment that prevents the nurse from responding to the oppression. When people feel oppressed they feel inferior and powerless. These kinds of nurses who feel powerless behave aggressively towards peers to relieve tension because they cant fight against their oppressor. That results to the display of emotion which victimize the colleague where the colleague or the coworker gets the face of vulnerability or prone to be hurt. The emotion or body language a great deal includes rolling of the eyes, sheepfold the arms or storming out of the room, using sarcasm, raised voice and shouting.These people manipulate the work environment while denying doing anything wrong and get satisfied from experiential difficulty and discomfort of others. These controvert beha viors have perspicuous results in human mind leading to anxiety and stress at work. This cycle of denial maintains its own pattern of repeated action against the vulnerable group and allows the power relations to be unchallenged. Rather than armed combat back and risking from the superiors/violence creators, the oppressed groups frustration is manifested as conflict in their own ranks with horizontal violence from coworker to coworker. Hence, peoplebegin to think this kind of behavior as a norm which they displace their judgement of aggression to another highly prone groups such as new grad nurse or student and even less confident coworkers. This cycle of behavior is typically described as horizontal violence (Woelfle & McCaffrey, 2007).As an example, a coworker in a unit behaves aggressively in a reply to their own part of stress by acting aggressively and displacing their anger to another same or lower hierarchical aim group or coworker. Another coworker as a victim gets deva stated with this behavior especially if the superior authority or managers dont acknowledge the behavior. Hence the victim feels angry, bilk and vulnerable continuing the cycle of horizontal violence. Rather than fighting back against the aggressor, this group accepts this as a behavioral norm which they unconsciously displace to other lower or same hierarchical level coworker such as grad nurse or the nursing students. These nursing students or grad nurses afterwards learn to displace their stress to other with the verbal or nonverbal expression giving the feeling of vulnerability to the prone groups. Hence this cycle of oppression continues as a horizontal violence in the work place area as part of the work stress. Consequently the oppressed group often lack autonomy, accountability and control over their profession (Woelfle & McCaffrey, 2007).Horizontal violence is a purposeful current collection of often negative behaviors and actions that accumulate over time. Moreover, it i ncludes repeated acts involving an imbalance of strength or power, in which one or more individuals engage in over time with the intention to harm other and create a hostile work environment. They displace their part of frustration to others in the form of negative verbal or nonverbal expression. The cycle of oppression continues which is supported by the theory of oppression. The result of horizontal violence affects nurses, nursing managers, other medical and administrative staff, patient and their family. It is clear that horizontal violence is everywhere in nursing today and can drastically affect the nursing area. When the tension is elevated in the patient care, nurses cannot perform their best which often lead to poor quality patient care (Woelfle & McCaffrey, 2007). prolongationWoelfle, C. Y. & McCaffrey, R. ( July-September, 2007). Nurse on nurse. Nursing Forum, Vol 42(3), p123-131

Culture Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Culture Comparison - Essay ExampleKinship is immovable in different ways within different societies but relates to two underlying principles of descent unilineal and cognatic. Societies that be concerned with unilineal descent trace either their fathers (patrilineal) or their mothers ( lineal) radical those concerned with both their matrilineal and patrilineal descent be said to be concerned with cognative descent. Cognative traces derriere involve any of four variations including bilineal (matrilineal and patrilineal), ambilineal (both recognized, but individuals can choose which one they accept), parallel (females follow their matrilineal descent and males follow their patrilineal descent groups) and bilateral (descent is traced from all biological ancestors) (ONeil, 2006). ... Individual people are recognized in accordance with their real family and ancestors or their membership of a particular set (Bavin, 1991, p.323). They besides focus on matrilineal, patrilineal and ge nerational moieties, semi-moieties, and subsections. The subsection system disseminates the people into eight categories that distinguish between male and female members in each (everyculture.com). The Navajo, on the other hand, function within a matrilineal system and is thus unilineal. Every Navajo belongs to one of the sixty-four clans (everyculture.com), wherein membership is passed via the mothers family. In the said(prenominal) way that clan membership is patrimonial in the female line of kinship, property is also inherited from the female side but advantage and property however, are passed from male to male, but the mothers brother passes both to her (his sisters) children. Although operating within a matrilineal system the Navajo also think they are born for the clan of their father (everyculture.com). Two to six matrilineal clans can form a clan group if they consider themselves to be affiliated but they are not given a clan group name (Aberle, 1961). Within Warlpiri, as in other indigenous Australian systems, the collaterals and lineals are merged (Frey, 2008), meaning that the system is extended to all people in the society and even gain ground to those outside and beyond the society. The following diagram provides a way of illustrating Warlpiri genealogy, wherein it shows that an aunt is only found in recognition to the fathers sister no aunt is so named on the mothers side and the term uncle is only found on the mothers side in reference to the mothers brother. The

Research on Attitude of Young People on Dieting and Weight Essay

Research on Attitude of Young People on Dieting and Weight - Essay ExampleSince people of different ages have different exercising weights, the best elbow room to assay for weight is through the use of a measurement called the Body Mass Index (BMI) which is a ratio of a persons weight in kilograms and the height in square meters (kg/m2). The BMI classifies individuals into underweight, shape weight, overweight and obese. A person who has a BMI of below 18.5 is considered underweight between 18.5 and 24.5 is considered of normal/health weight between25.0 and 29.9 is considered overweight and above 30.0 is considered obese. Therefore, overweight and obese individuals have weight that is considered unhealthy since it predisposes them to conditions like diabetes,... ischaemic strokes, high blood pressure and many conditions of the cardiovascular system (Andersen, 2008). The prevalence of obesity is on the rise especially in alter nations of the world, and this trends are alarming be cause even children are being diagnoses with lifestyle conditions that are pathologically known to access adults. According to figures released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), obesity cases in the US have been move from the past, and currently, the prevalence of o