Glass Menagerie and Streetcar Named Desire - Comparing Amanda Wingfield and Blanche Dubois :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Compari discussion of A human beingda Wingfield And Blanche Dubois In todays rough and strong-armer world, there seems to be no room for failure. The pressure to succeed in life some successions seems unreasonable. Others often set expectations for people too high. This forces that psyche to develop ways to take the stress and tension out of their lives in their own individual ways. In the plays The Glass Menagerie and A ropeway Named Desire written by Tennessee Williams, none of the characters are capable of nutriment in the present and facing reality. Two of the characters are Amanda Wingfield and Blache Dubios. In suppose for these characters to deal with the problems and hardships in their lives they retreat into their own separate worlds of illusion and lies. Amanda Wingfield is mother of tomcat and Laura. She is a middle-aged southern belle whose husband has abandoned her. She spends her time reminiscing about the past and nagging her children. Amanda is completely d ependent on her son Tom for finical security and holds him fully responsible for her daughter Lauras future. Amanda is haunt with her past as she constantly reminds Tom and Laura of that one Sunday afternoon in Blue Mountain when she once received seventeen gentlemen callers (pg.32). The endorser cannot even be sure that this actually happened. How invariably, it is clear that despite its achievable falsity, Amanda has come to believe it. Amanda also refuses to acknowledge that her daughter Laura is crippled and refers to her harm as a little defect-hardly noticeable (pg.45). Only for brief moments does she ever admit that her daughter is crippled and then she resorts back into to her world of self-denial and delusion. Amanda puts the weight of Lauras success in life on her son Toms shoulders. When Tom finally finds a man to come over to the house for dining car and meet Laura, Amanda blows the situation way out of proportion. She believes that this gentlemen caller, Jim, is going to be the man to rescue Laura. When in fact n all herself nor Laura has even met this man Jim yet. She tries to inform to Laura how to nurse a gentleman caller she says-talking about her past They knew how to entertain their gentlemen callers. It wasnt enough for a girl to be possessed of a lovely face and a graceful figure although I wasnt slighted in either respect.

M.A.English Literature

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI * CODE11100001 UNIVERSITY mental test OF MA Part-I April-2013 204 adit CARD CCF027902826 CENTRE 22 M/A SEAT NO. 05955 M/F F EXAM zero(pre no.inal) COLLEGE 0279 CANDIDATES NAME PAPER 4001 4002 4003 4005 RATHOD ARCHANA BHUPESH VIMAL SUBJECT NAME OPTIONS SELECTED 26/04/2013 1100-0200 29/04/2013 1100-0200 03/05/2013 0300-0600 22/04/2013 1100-0200 INDIAN LITERATURE IN slope (1820S ONWARDS) LINGUISTICS AND STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF TEXTS LITERATURE OF ENGLISH RENAISSANCE AND redress NINTEEN AND TWENTIETH AMERICAN CENTURY LITERATUREVENUE NOTE Please visit mu. ac. in OR mu. ac. in/idol FOR VENUE LIST four years before start of run * TO BE WRITTEN ON THE BARCODED cum OMR ANSWERBOOKS SIGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL OF THE COLLEGE ON THE PHOTO NOTE 1. CANDIDATE mustiness PRESERVE AND PRODUCE THIS CARD AT EACH SESSION OF THE EXAMINATION, WITHOUT WHICH ADMISSION TO THE EXAMINATION MAY BE DISALLOWED . T-EXEMPTION IN THEORY P-EXEMPTION IN possible E-EXEMPTION IN BOTH Applicatio n ID13812110249 N. B. Please note the examination no. or the result on IVRS on following Tel. No. 26526866,26526287,26526167,26526282 or Website www. mu. ac. in INSTRUCTIONS FOR OBSERVANCE DURING THE EXAMINATION 1. On every exercise Book and every supplement Issued to you, enter your Seat Number and former(a) particulars. 2. Do not write your phone or in all way reveal your identity anywhere in the manage prevail/ Supplements. 3. Write on both sides of each sheet. DO NOT rake OUT any sheet from the reaction obligate/ Supplements. 4. Write your answer for each question on a new page.Question Nos. 1,2,3 etc. , and subquestion nos. (a), (b), (c), or (I), (II), (III), etc. should invariably be compose in the margin where the answer to the respective question or sub-question begins. 5. Each section should be answered singly (in separate prevails). Examination do not undertake to examine answers written in the wrong answer book. Tie together the answer book and supplements rela ting to the same section. Enter on the page of the answer book the sum of money number of supplements including the answer book submitted. . All answer books and supplements issued to you, whether written or blank must be handed over back when the last bell is rung. 7. Candidate testament NOT be allowed to grant the examination hall during the first half -an-hour or during the last ten minutes of each session of the examination. 8. Rough work, if any, must be done in pencil and on the left hand page of the answer book/ supplement and NOT on the question newspaper publisher or the blotting-paper. 9.Candidate will be expelled from the examination hall if (I) he/ she brings any books, notes scribbling or scribbled paper (II) he/ she speaks to or communicates with any other candidate (III) he/ she takes away(predicate) an answer book or supplement (IV) he/ she disobeys any book of instructions issued by the conductor or the supervisor. 10. A warning bell will be rung ten minutes before the examination begins and the last bell at the close of each session of the examination. Writing or answer must stop with the final bell.Candidate must not leave his/ her seat until all answer books are collected by the supervisor. 11. student must carry their Photo ID Proof as follow (Driving clear/ PAN Card/ Aadhaar Card/ Voter ID Card/ Pass look/ Employee ID Card). 12. If any Correction on Hall Ticket please tactual sensation University of Mumbai, Room No 112, IDOL, Dr. S. D. Sharma Bhavan Vidyanagari Kalina Campus, Santacruz (East), Mumbai-400 098. Contact No 2654 3241, 2654 3238 13. Please check your Name and Subjects carefully. 14. Please check the date and time with the examination programme on notice board/ visit mu. ac. in/idol

Comparison Between Hinduism and Budhism

Comparison of twain types of Pagan Religion i. e. Hinduism and Buddhism Stabooh Asian nation have a well-defined amalgam of Abrahamic and Pagan religions. Two of the Pagan religions of this region ar well-known in this region because their birth place South Asia. These deuce religions atomic number 18 Hinduism and Buddhism. Hinduism refers to the principal and most ancient religious tradition of India in it the lives of the believers are governed by the doctrines of Dharma or universal police, Karma or the cumulative do of personal actions, and Samsara or the cycle of rebirth, liberation from which is the first goal of intent similarly Buddhism is a religion and philosophic system, founded in India in the 6th cent. By Buddha it t individuallyes the good thinking and self-denial will enable the soul to egest Nirvana, a divine state of release from misdirected desire (Dictionary definitions you exceptt joint understand-).Although the birth place of both(prenominal) religion s is South Asia and thus they stem from a similar Philosophy and culture, as S. Radhakrishnan says Buddhism, in its origin at least is an offshoot of Hinduism (qtd. InBuddhism & axerophthol Hinduism, relative Study of Buddhism & Hinduism, differentiate Contrast Buddhism & Hinduism. ) yet thither is likewise a handsome difference in the major ideational elements of Doctrine of both which includes conceit of God, Reincarnation and clique system. In each and all(prenominal) religion of the World, the word God globally refers to designate a peremptory power, who is the crowning(prenominal) creator of the entire universe.In Hinduism thither is similarly such definition for God. Neither the multitude of matinee idols nor great sages know my origin, for I am the root of all the theologys and great sages. A mortal who knows me as the unborn, beginning- slight great schoolmaster of the world is freed from all delusion and all evils (Bhagavad Gita Chapter 2 Verses 9 &am p 10. ). But the thorough study of Hinduism reveals it a polytheistic religion so most of Hindus attest it by their worship of God. As they consider the more of living and non-living things to be divine and sacred.For example they consider the trees, the sun, the moon, the monkey, the snake and the valet beings as spel supportstations of God. While in Buddhism, the designation of God is same as in Hinduism. As Gospel of Buddha says There is, O monks, an unborn, unoriginated, uncreated, and unformed. Were there non, O monks, this unborn, unoriginated, uncreated, and unformed, there would be no escape from the world of the born, originated, created, formed. Since, O monks, there is an unborn, unoriginated, uncreated, and unformed, therefore is there an escape from the world of the born, originated, created, formed (The Gospel of Buddha).But there bulges difference in the belief in gods and godly manifestations of both religions because in Buddhism there is no such entailment of godly figures in the original Buddhistic doctrine, except in few sects. Buddha was once asked by a disciple whether God exists. He refused to reply. When pressed, he said that if you are scathe from a stomach ache would you concentrate on relieving the pain or studying the prescription of the physician. It is not my business or yours to find out whether there is God our business is to remove the sufferings of the world (Concept of god in Buddhism).Doctrine of Buddhism says that all these are the ways, by which plenty soothe themselves. Gripped by fear, men go to the sacred mountains, sacred grooves, sacred trees and shrines (The Dhammapada 188). But also Buddhists do not condemn the concept of gods and also they do not regard the believers of gods as sinners. Hinduism is considered as the complex mixture of religious philosophies and schools but the soul of all this is Reincarnation i. e. the journey of the soul (atman) from one body to anformer(a) body(cycle of birth and deat h).This cycle of birth and death (also known as Samsara) is summarized in the following verse of The Bhagavad Gita Just as a man discards worn down out clothes and puts on new clothes, the soul discards worn out bodies and wears new ones. (Chapter 2-Verse 22). As we profoundly glance over both the religions Buddhism shares some concepts of Reincarnation with Hinduism but on the major there appear differences. For example Theravada Buddhism emphasizes in the doctrine of Anatta, or no soul, which states there is no enduring entity that persists from one life to the next.While in Hinduism, Karma determines the component part of subsequent lives, so there is continuity between personalities but not persistence of identity. For this reason, Thervada Buddhist prefer the term rebirth to Reincarnation. That is why in Buddhism, the law of Karma is viewed as naturalistic, akin to the laws of physics. Thus Buddhists do not consider the circumstances of Rebirth as rewards or punishment hand ed out by a controlling God, they simply regard it the natural result of dissimilar good and bad deeds.Thus contrary to the infinite cycle of Reincarnation Rebirth inevitably involves suffering and ends when all carvings are lost and Nirvana is achieved (Does Hinduism take In Reincarnation. ). So Buddhists lead their lives in a way (negating the concept of infinite cycle of births and deaths), which leads them to their net destination i. e. Nirvana Some of the teachings of every religion of the world provide the guidelines in order to secure the underlying social rights of the people.But the there are some religion in which Caste system has deprived the people from their basic social rights. During the Buddhas era Brahmanism was the predominant religion in India, in which all humans were divided into four castes i. e priests, warriors, traders and laborers. Later on this Caste system was heedless into Hinduism, given religious legitimacy and sanction and has continued to func tion right up till the present. This has made the Social contact between each cast minimal and has provided the lower ones with the less opportunities, the less freedom and the less rights.Outside the caste system there are the outcasts people, who are considered so impure that they are hardly counted as humans. On the other hand Buddha himself was born into the warrior caste, but he severely criticized the caste system. He ridiculed the priests claims to be superior, he criticized the theological basis of the system and he welcomed into theSanghapeople of all castes, including outcasts. His most famous saying on the subject is parturition does not make one a priest or an outcaste. doings makes one either a priest or an outcaste (Buddhist Studies Caste System. ).In summary to the religious beliefs, philosophies and social teachings Buddhism provides an final concept for an ultimate Power, similarly it gives the fascinating hope for ultimate destination Nirvana and also it maps a just society on the golden rules of equity. While Hinduism limits the ultimate concept of God to worldly figures, similarly the concept of Reincarnation, negates the ultimate destination which indirectly, is the negation of God and also the caste system in it makes the life of its followers worldly punishment, because deprivation of basic social rights leads the people to inferiority complex. Bhagavad Gita Chapter 2 Verses 9,10 &22&8243Bamboo Wisdom. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. <http//bamboowisdom. blogspot. com> Buddhism & Hinduism, Comparative Study of Buddhism & Hinduism,Compare Contrast Buddhism & Hinduism. Buddhist tourism,Travel Buddhist Sites,Buddhist Tourism in India, Japan, Tibet, China. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. http//www. buddhist-tourism. com/buddhism/religion/buddhism-hinduism. html Buddhist Studies Caste System. BuddhaNet ecumenical Buddhist Information and Education mesh topology. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. <http//www. buddhanet. net/e-learning/dharmadata/fdd53. htm>. Does Hinduism Believe In Reincarnation? Personal Development on a Deeper Level Tyler Hardy. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. <http//www. tylerjhardy. com/tag/does-hinduism-believe-in-reincarnation>. Reincarnation World, Body, Life, History, Beliefs, Time, Person, Human, Hinduism, Buddhism, Shiite Muslims, Judaism and Christianity, Ancient Greece, West Africa. Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. <http//www. deathreference. com/Py-Se/Reincarnation. html>. South Asia Definition WordIQ. com. Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus WordIQ Dictionary. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. The Dhammapada Verses and Stories. Tipitaka Network Bringing Dhamma Studies to You. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. <http//www. tipitaka. net/tipitaka/dhp/>. The Gospel of Buddha. The Reluctant Messenger of information and Religion Science and the Worlds Religions Are Pieces to a Puzzle That Need for each one Other to Form a Complete Picture. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. http//reluctant-messenger. com/gospel_buddha/chapter_2 0. htm. Concept of god in Buddhism-by Dr. Zakir Naik Dictionary Definitions You Can Understand YourDictionary. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. http//www. yourdictionary. com. http//saif_w. tripod. com/interfaith/general/god/inbuddhism. htm

Why Did Kristallnacht Take Place?

1. Both fountains go forth to contradict each some other in terms of content. The first, and most important, head risen form these devil sources are which is correct in place setting of who coordinate the riots. seed A clearly states that it was a mass attack, which he Goebbels and the SA were going to launch. until now, on that point is a clear contravention in character B The Fuhrer, at Goebbels suggestion not to be organised by the party. However, in look at what had happened, it seems that Goebbels encouraged a nationwide press campaign to help stir trouble.Also, at a dinner to commemorate the Munich Putsch, Goebbels called for von Raths death to be avenged. These pieces of evidence do operate towards riots conducted by Goebbels. It may have been, as stated in source A, that Goebbels was out of favour with Hitler and that he was trying to win back patronize from his Fuhrer. In source A however, whether Hitler did squeal with delight and slap his second joint with e nthusiasm at the thought of riots against the Jewish minority is contestable.This is because Hitler was surprised by the extent of the pogrom, and may have been awaiting only sporadic bursts of violence from the commonwealth and not the SA. Source A, in terms of provenance, appears not to be as accurate as it seems. This is because it is only a summary by an historiographer nine years after the end of the First World War, and 16 years after the events of Kristallnacht. Thus, many incidents may have been altered somewhat to suit any other evidence this historian may have. Thus, a possible reason for Hitler squealing with delight and slapping his thigh with enthusiasm.However if nothing had been changed, then the very situation that the account was from a journalist, with discernment to the political stinker the scenes makes the source a significant one. On the other stack, Source B is by the Nazi Supreme Court. However the worthy element about(predicate) this source is the fact that it is secret. Thus, meaning it is not by design prepared for use in the political outside. Therefore, there could be some element of truth in it, making it somewhat useful. However, there are some incorrect statements in the source.Consequently, I have suffer to the conclusion that Source A is the more useful out of the two sources for anybody studying Kristallnacht. This is because the source is a more reliable source in terms of its content. 2. The clear impression conveyed to the reader of source C is that Kristallnacht was calculated, on the button attack on the Jews. Also, Mr. Buffman conveys Kristallnacht as a horrific act of terror. Mr. Buffman has pen this as a first hand account, thus, many parts are down to opinion all of the local crowds were obviously horrified by the Nazis acts.Mr. Buffman 3. All three sources convey a general meaning about the events of Kristallnacht an event disgustingly horrific both morally and physically. Source C and E particularly s upport each other. Both sources mention the fact that SA/SS men in no uniform had been provided with hammers, axes and firebombs, destroying Jewish synagogues, homes and shops. Source C besides implies a calculated, organised riot source E also conveys this as it states that a list of names and addresses of all Jewish shops was provided.Source E also backs up the statement Mr. Buffman made in Source C concerning the action taken by the German population just about German people have nothing to do with these riots. Source E must be a reliable source to back up Source C as it is seemingly from a civil servant, functional in a day-to-day job with political administrators. Source D also talks about the horrors leading up to Kristallnacht, although not in as much detail as in Sources C and E. The German Jew talks of acts of terror, the decrees passed on to force Jews to sell their belongings and go away, the decree passed on by Hitler to encourage emigration.Thus, source D does hint to the calculated and efficient riots that the government did organise. All of these sources are first hand accounts of the attacks on the Jews on Kristallnacht, thus they must be at least(prenominal) accurate, in terms of what they have interpreted to have witnessed. In looking at the chronology of events leading up to and after Kristallnacht, it seems that the decrees made were there to bring out Jews from German society. Kristallnacht seemed to be a coincidence in between these events, with the Nazis fetching full advantage of this.Examples of which are 1) the Jewish minority being agonistic to pay compensation after the events of Kristallnacht 2) Jews forbidden to visit theatres, cinemas or concerts and 3) prominence of all Jewish pupils from their schools. The purpose of sources C, D and E is a unite one a need to convey the horrific events, and the truth behind the smoke-screen of newspaper headlines a spontaneous wave of anger cowardly Jewish murder of Von Rath in Paris

Minorities in the United States Essay

preoccupation is defined as a process by which an individual or a group acquires the attitudes and sentiments of other individuals or groups and thence incorporates their history and experience to achieve a similar heathenish keep (Park & Burgess, 1921). Early American ancestors who were against culture in the domain foresaw that immigrants to the expanse would take away their heathenish identities and the next generations would non view as those cultural identities.It was debated that preoccupancy could result to a similar nature of beaal personal individualism in which immigrants could achieve both social and economic benefits by combine themselves into the mainstream of the American culture (Barvosa-Carter). Immigrants ar required to take an identity of an Anglo-Saxon, Protestant, blank and monolingual English language speaker when integrating immigrants on the assimilationist model.However, assimilation disregarded the important distinction between a national identity and an ethnic identity. acculturationists have influenced the American political culture with a erroneous view that the growing cultural regeneration among immigrants affects their loyalty to the country (Barvosa-Carter). Further much(prenominal), an assimilationist shape up adopts the nonion that successful integration of immigrants in the country must overthrow all ethnic identities among immigrants (Barvosa-Carter). Definition of multiculturalismMulticulturalism is in any case called ethnic federalism because it is the official quote of unique, essentially fixed ethnic individuals and the sharing of resources based on the conception of membership in an ethnic group. It disapproves the concept of the role of ethnic diversity in the emergence of a single, culturally united raft. Multiculturalism also affirms the decline of every ethnic American to privilege and power, to demand recognition and respect, and to make out in their native language (Salins, 1997). Moreover, multiculturalism came out of a departure between social cohesion and cultural diversity that has been existent in the American political culture since its formation (Bryson, 2005). Assimilation versus Multiculturalism Assimilation in American life has been much more accommodating, flexible, and effective in allowing the country to retain its national unity despite the influx of antithetic types of cultures and nationalities, while multiculturalism is more often an ideology of ethnic grievance and unavoidably results to ethnic conflict (Salins, 1997).There are two principles that are considered the foundation of multiculturalism and the opposites of assimilationism immigrants should not throw away any of the cultural qualities they inherited from their ancestors and there will or can never be a single united patriotic identity that all Americans can inter extend to with (Salins, 1997). According to Chavez, multiculturalism supersedes affirmative implement with a power t o influence how all racial and ethnic groups in the country perceive themselves and conceptualize the country.Proponents of multiculturalism have not lost their article of belief in the capacitance of assimilation. The drive to traditionally assimilate ethnic minorities has been arouse in the United States, notably among the children of immigrants. Religion looks to be a more effective hindrance to complete assimilation than the temporal elements of culture (Chavez, 2009). Strengths and Limitations of Assimilation and Multiculturalism One of the disadvantages of multiculturalism is the failure to hear the voices of other people who live and make out in the same country.However, multiculturalism has proved to be powerful and exclusionary because its primary example and tools are borrowed from the history of anthropology (Michaelsen, 1999). According to Chavez (2009), the driving force for multiculturalism will not experience from immigrants, only when from their assimilated co unterparts who are more affluent and established. However, multiculturalism will not promote progress, but will put the nation a cadence backward.The more culturally diverse Americans become, the more important that they commit themselves to a shared culture. The most notable attribute of American culture has been its capability to integrate different elements into a new unified culture (Chavez, 2009). Assimilation among Americans has always implied the notion of give and take and the American culture has been raise or improved by what individual ethnic groups contributed to it. (Chavez, 2009) nonage groups experiences divergence suffered by ethnic minorities in the United States has affected their achievements in life. The country faces two challenges in dealing with ethnic relations the move to gain ground avert the negative impact of racism that started with slavery and the successful assimilation of growing immigrants, particularly coming from South and Central America and A sia. Moreover, the immigration trend in the country has gained exceptional successes in making the nations motto a reality.However, each wave of immigration has resulted to emphasis between new types of immigrants and older, naturalized immigrants (Thernstrom, A & S, 2002). The nature and complex body part of life in the United States constitutes the social environment in which social relations among people of different religions, feeds and national origins occur. The estimated 190 million Americans are not just individual persons with psychological attributes, but belong to different types of groups primary, secondary, family, associations, social networks, religious, racial, and social classes.The nature of these different types of groups and their interpersonal relationships has a fundamental impact on how people of different cultural backgrounds perceive and refer to each other (Gordon, 1964). The different cultural varieties of Americans have the tendency to be with th eir own social class and ethnic group for the main part of having the warm relationships with their primary groups, interacting with other cultural varieties of Americans mainly in indifferent relationships with secondary groups (Gordon, 1964).In conclusion, the United States can cope with the influx of immigrants and increase diversity by making sure that all Americans learn how to relate with different types of groups that exist in the country. They must learn to continually eliminate structural breakup of different types of ethnic groups by enhancing their interaction on the job, on the civic environment, and in other areas of impersonal relations. The process of having a modern and industrial society is dependent on the commitment of mobility and fungibility of individuals based on their occupational expertise and exacts.The universal criteria of training and competence, which desire on the achievement of occupational roles, the choice of political leaders, the selection of keep space, and the effective implementation of the educational process must exist in the country, while the criteria based on religion, racial background, and nationality must eliminate. If the structural separation of ethnic groups, brought by prejudices and the desire to maintain their own subculture and ethnic identity, the American society will experience, conflict, mediocrity and confusion (Gordon 1964).Chavez recommends that that all of ethnic minorities in the United States should think of themselves as Americans, no matter where they all come from or what reasons that brought their ancestors in the country. All Americans need to retain the idea that they are one people, not simply an integration of various and competing ethnic groups. Furthermore, the take account for immigrant children to ascertain English than to retain their native language is also demand to address the complexity of cultural diversity.Going beyond the line where ethnicity and race are the key eleme nts that Americans identify themselves or establish loyalty is also needed. Retaining the values and principles that unite Americans must exist rather than their differences in beginning (Chavez, 2009). The nation can also cope with the steady influx of immigrants by understanding the concept of culture. Cultures are sets of practices involving codes of communication, habits of interaction, expression of artistic talents, and standards of human port that need to be understood by Americans.Furthermore, cultures are interrelated with people because as people change their cultural practices, the entire cultures can and do change (Moya, 2002). Students and teachers can play an important role in dowry the nation cope with the growing cultural diversity. They must learn to understand that certain ethnic groups are culturally deprived, while other ethnic groups are culturally rich. It is also important that students and educators must be provided with tools they need to learn the impact of daily interaction on different cultural practices.Understanding the notion of concept of culture will help inform the importance of cultural diversity. Cultures not only can familiarize Americans to the world, but can also be an important form of moral fellowship (Moya, 2002). References Barvosa-Carter, Edwina. American immigrants in American conflict. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. Retrieved April 7, 2009, from http//journal. georgetown. edu/72/barvosa. cfm. Bryson, Bethany Paige (2005). making Multiculturalism Boundaries and Meaning in U. S. Palo Alto, California Stanford University. Chavez, Linda (2009).Multiculturalism is driving us apart. USA Today. Retrieved April 7, 2009, from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mim1272/is_n2612_v124/ai_18274647/ Gordon, Milton M. (1964). Assimilation in American Life The Role of carry, Religion and case Origins. Great Britain Oxford University Press, Inc. Michaelsen, Scott (1999). Limits of Multiculturalism Interrogating the Origins of American Anthropology. Minneapolis, MN University of Minnesota Press. Moya, Paula M. L. (2002).Learning From Experience Minority Identities, Multicultural Struggles. Berkeley, California University of California Press. Park, Robert E. & Burgess, Ernest W. (1921). Introduction to the Science of Sociology. Chicago, Il University of Chicago Press. Salins, Peter D. (1997). Assimilation, American style multiculturalism and ethnic relations. priming coat. Los Angeles, California Reason Foundation. Thernstrom, Abigail & Stephan, Eds. (2002). Beyond the Color Line New Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America. Palo Alto, California Hoover Institution Press.

Cultural Problems in International Business

Martinez Construction Company in Germany heathenish Problems 2. 2. 1 PROBLEMS ethnical barriers to consolidation The considerable differences between the Spanish and German personal credit line practices could pick out been diminished through a sound pre-assesment made by Martinez Co. Since this reasonableness process was not pursued, a ethnical conflict passed which may importantly hinder the processes of strategic and operational management of the two companies as a whole. The most important barriers of cultural dimension include Barriers to cultural integration Suggestion for limiting the impact 1. Cultural shock as a consequence ofstrong cultural diversity of companiesconstituting a holding group Cultural transformation, respectingcultural values and customs of a targetcountry. 2. Cultural maladjustment of boardmembers delegated by a refer company c atomic number 18 through values, systems formonitoring social feelings of the targetcompany. 4. Management style differen cesbetween companies. Management through goals as a basisfor sue appraisal of the managementpersonnel and employees monetary issues Martinez Co. s representatives are involved in a process of Merger and achievement which they discover gradually.This means that they take allowed themselves to be unaware of the exact risks and implications, peculiarly from the fiscal point of view, from the moment they accepted a select that did not contain enough information related to this topic. Now they are lining unpredicted expenses, and the possibility of natural ones to occur give the sacknot be excluded. Ensuring that an acquisition is a good fit, not only on paper, provided as an co-ordinated business, calls for going beyond traditional monetary assessments, to detailed value analysis, particularly within an international business context. As Treuhandanstalt rushed the process and Martinez Co. need went with the flow, requirements that should have been included in the contrac t are now fleshy the Spanish companys financial capacities. 3. 2 Causes of the problems The problem regarding cultural contradiction became difficult to cross due to the following errors -Martinez representatives did not build an appropriate due diligence as no research regarding business practices in Germany had been made. Juan Martinez was sent to conduct negotiation just because he was accredited and had a practical thinking, but his escape of information proved to have a great negative impact on the deal obtained. Their cogitate to expand in Germany is poor. Diego Martinez took into account only the fact that Germans enjoy Spanish atmosphere and often choose Spain as a target marketplace for business. On the other hand, they did not take into account that differences in lead approach and culture in general can affect their interest. It is rattling important to be aware that if companies from a specific country conduct successful affairs in your country, it does not nece ssarily mean that you allow for benefit from the same success there. The financial problem occurred mainly because close to of the steps within negotiating the merger were skipped.Firstly, Martinez accepted to sign a contract without enough details about Konstrukts financial position. They requested, indeed, a mannequin Contract which made Germans unclear and, moreover, gave them little perspective about emerging financial risks. In fact they bought a company without knowing precisely what they are getting. The second main contribution to the synergys financial issues was brought by Treuhandanstalt. Although THA must have focused on evaluating the firms, especially their financial soundness and the cost for the buyer, it had, in this case, as main concern the accelerate of transaction.Therefore, they pressured Martinez during this process, without focusing on future risks and arrangements for upgrade. 3. 3 Negative effects that occur If problems lead not be solved The cultura l dissonance will have the following consequences * Management will pillowcase severe problems in providing incentives for employees, therefore their productivity will go downwards * Employees will last confused about their role in the company so their lack of initiative and responsibility will worsen.In addition, this synergy attempt will face challenges caused by financial problems * The plans of stability and progress will be ill hampered in the case of Martinez Co. if they fail now, they will find it extremely firmly to expand even on another foreign market (a financial fiasco would make Martinez unconfident and the idea of international expansion would definitely be seen as a peril). * Company might become insolvent if the new expenses emerged are not handled at time and properly. 3. SOLUTIONSCultural barriers a first response would be to map out the chain of command (employees must actualise their exact role in the company and must be certain about the participative leadership approach specific to the Spanish company) communication found * Strategic focus agree on the goal (enrichment) and find the repair cultural approach to achieve it ( certainty needed, more like Germans) * pleat useful elements from both cultures in such manner that leadership and employees can move together towards their goal ( keep the all about work policy but make them involve in decision do through incentives) Financial issues Cash injection , as expense on regulations is compensated by the opportunities offered on this new market ( raw materials at hand, low wages required and brown field investment advantages) * rate the co future growth rate and profitability in set out to understand if the acquisition is a good option * Require a renegotiation of the contract, which should imply these extra- expenses. 4. CHOOSING the OPTIMAL SOLUTION . Culture Mix useful elements from both cultures in such manner that leadership and employees can move together towards their goal ( keep the all about work policy but make them involve in decision making through incentives) * b. Financial Assess the co future growth rate and profitability in order to understand if the acquisition is a good option ( hold forth with third parties and experts) . IMPLEMENTING the OPTIMAL SOLUTION a. Communication employees must be informed about policies adopted, about their role exactly. This way, they will be less given up to reject the new management and their approach. b. Studies of the market ( it has potential since raw materials are available an also is labor) , discussion with experts and third parties.

Teen Drinking

Teen drinking is a serious problem and apiece year the statistics go higher and higher and more and more teens argon drinking. This is a safety issue for teens are not old exuberant to know how to control their drinking. In an article I read called, permit my teen ager drink, written by T. R. Reid, suggests that its pass to permit our teens drink. On the opposed side, Author Joseph A. Califano writes in his article that it is not okay to allow teens to drink. Reid does make some good points in his article.He believes that it is safer for our teens to be allowed to drink. He brought up binge drinking and how bad it is for teens. He says, the only precedent for this binge drinking is because teens are not allowed to drink so they do it secretly, most often in unsafe places like a car, or a house where adult supervision is not present(REID). Reid claims that if we let our teens legally drink then teens can be safer and be adequate to(p) to drink throughout the evening instead of getting drunk in the short amount of time they have before a mixer event.He believes teenagers are going to drink no matter what law is compose in place, and that we should all just allow teens to legally drink. Author and topical president of the National Center on Addiction and Substance subvert at Columbia University, Joseph A. Califano suggests the first article is a dangerous creed to go by. He lists straight facts on this specific issue like, in 2001 the Justice Department released an analysis comparing drinking rates in Europe and the United States.The conclusion American tenth graders are slight likely to use and abuse alcohol that the people of the same age in almost all European countries(CALIFANO). Califano also said how Reid was upon about the binge drinking, since British fifteen year olds are more than twice as likely to binge drink as those of American teens. He also lists the dangers of teen drinking. Califano says it can seriously damage the suppuration pro cess of the brain, and how teen drinking can lead to poor schoolhouse performance.My opinion on this issue is teens should not be allowed to drink yet. I believe the drinking age should stay at twenty one. That is when a person is mature and developed enough to drink alcohol. There is a good reason why there are age limits on things. Rules and laws are made for good reasons, to keep us safe. I would not want to live in a country where there were no age limits on drinking, for I believe we Americans would get dumber than we already are.

Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress Essay

In his message, Franklin advises his friend that spousal relationship is the silk hat solution non for only sexual desires but as well as the undisputable source of solid happiness. Having suspicions that his friend would not follow his guidance, Franklin recommends him to convey honest-to-god mistresses instead of progenyer ones and lists eight valuables reasons to rectify support his argument. Franklin commences his testify by presenting advantages of the marriage. He says I know of no medicine outfit to diminish the violent inclinations you mention Marriage is the proper remedy.It is some intrinsic state of man and therefore the state in which you can argon most possible to find solid happiness. done those sentences, Franklin seems to evaluate that from a masculine view, one of the main advantages of the marriage is to bring public security toward requirements of the flesh. The recipient of the letter who was the friend of the author seemed to be looking for a sit uation in which he could find sexual partner and happiness without commitment. Based on the previous quotes, the author claims that the best situation in which he could find hat he was looking for was a marriage.In his letter, Franklin advices his friend to settle beca physical exercise It is the man and woman to claimher that make the screw human being. If Franklin thinks that the marriage is so positive, this is relied to both psychological and socio-economical reasons. offset all he is convinced that the married life is more(prenominal) match that the single(a) lifetime. Franklin believes that a man who did not find the soul cope with is in other words incomplete, unaccomplished by saying that A single man has not nearly the value he would have in that sate of union, He is an ncomplete animal.He resembles the odd half of a fit of scissors. Based on this judgement, Franklin means that family life calms people it is the intrinsic arrangement in which they can organize thei r production strength with the most possible benefit. While Franklin affirms that to breakher there atomic number 18 more likely to succeed in the world there is no doubt that he is referring to the material success. Concerning the woman, it is only in a marriage that she can exhibit up her real values. Through the letter, Franklin continues to give worthy reasons in sight to convince the ecipient near getting married.Franklin having doubts that his friend would not consider his advice followed his delegation of the marriage by an alternative solution to satisfy his needs. If his friend his not ready to commit and wants to continue a commerce with Sex fatal, he suggested that you should prefer old woman to young ones. The first raison that Franklin utilise to support his case is that they nave more knowledge ot the world, and their minds atomic number 18 better stored witn observations, their communication is more improving and more extremeingly agreeable.By affirming thi s, Franklin makes an allusion to the comprehension of older woman. He illustrates that people gain knowledge as they get older. They have, in principle knew more love stories or adventures than youngest ones, thus they better know men, know how to take c are of them and to a fault how to satisfy them. Franklin defends the conception that a debate with an old woman is rich and interesting, because they had been through many a(prenominal) involvements from witch they had retains acquaintance. They have lived longer and have things to communicate to you.Franklin also supports his elongation for older woman by saying that To maintain their influence of all timeyplace men, they supply the diminution of beauty by an augmentation of utility. This is to illustrate that older woman, with the time spend less time worrying about their appearance, which they use to do more important stuff. To him, when beauty disappears, women improve their service. At their age, they bring their feminin ity and do so without any complex. Franklin, who was a man of comprehension and also know as Lady Man also gave bodily motivation for choosing an older woman.He implies that ? because in every animal that walks effective the deficiency of the fluids that fill the muscles appears first in the highest part. The face first grows lank and wrinkled then the neck then the breast and arms the overthrow parts continuing to the last as plump as ever so that covering all above with a basket, and bear oning only what is below the girdle, it is impossible of two women to tell an old one from a young one. His purpose here is to assure his friend that there are no doubts or fear to have on the corporal delectation of an old woman.According to him as in the dark all cats are rey, the pleasure of corporal enjoyment with an old woman is at least equal, and frequently superior. This is to support that woman are woman heedless of age, an old woman can perform the same way as a young one hiti ng sexual experience. Sometimes, they are even considered superior. Through the note, Franklin by saying because there is no hazard of children, which irregularly produced whitethorn be attended with much inconvenience refers to the fact that woman at a certain age cant get pregnant. olibanum while dating them the chance of being relied to them by omeone or something is null.This also makes the separation easier and leaves out others inconvenient that children can bring in a relationship. Across the letter, Franklin continues to encourage his friend to choose an old female if this last one persist in thinking a Commerce with the ser. He establishes a formal and highly analytical tone with his receiver about the discretion an old mistress can have in their relationship. He supports his suggestion by affirming that because through more experience they are more prudent and discreet in conducting an intrigue to revent suspicion. The commerce with them is therefore safer with regard to your reputation. From the following sentence, the author suggests that with an old woman, it is less probable that the relationship get revealed consequently with her you reputation will be at the shelter because they are more responsible in managing a relationship and they now what they want. Finally, Franklin ends up with his letter by saying they are so grateful. stock-still though Franklin, in his letter gave an approved receipt to find the best mistress, it is obvious that considering as the ounding father his interest for marriage respond to others concern more important than the promotion ot the psych-to-emotional blooming.

Communicating with Children Essay

Communication is fundamental to setment ( gas et al, 2008, p. 11). This essay will wherefore critically discuss how certain factors stooge strike converse and how practicians may be able to overcome these barriers in their daily practice. It will begin with a definition of colloquy, and then state some of the different ways we extend on a daily basis. It will move on to exempt the importance of these interactions, and illuminate how cultural, accessible, bordersal and emotional factors keister create barriers and affect communication with children.Finally, it will consider ways practitioners faeces become break out at communicating with the children they work with. The word communication basically operator to shargon and its desired outcome is realiseing. It is a part of our basic exploit to skeletal system relationships and is based on theoretical knowledge, cultural sagaciousness and pay back (Crow et al, 2008, p. 7). It involves an interchange of thoughts, opin ions, or discipline (www. efinitions. net/definition/communication) which be transmittable through corpse voice communication, touch, comprehend, tone of voice, gesture, playing, observing, reassuring, explaining and smoothening (Crow et al, 2008, p. 7). Effective communication can be beneficial to children and their welf be as it allows them to gain an identity, develop psychologically and intellectually, form and sustain neighborly relationships, and express themselves emotionally.However, transmission channels between adults and children are not always straightforward, topicing in barriers to their communication skills which can ca call confusion, discrimination, alienation, or create lines (Crow et al, 2008, p. 7). One much(prenominal) barrier is seen repayable to cultural differences. finished efficient communication, children learn the social rules of non-verbal communication, which includes body wording and gestures.Learning these social rules are essential in order to communicate competently, however, communication is socially constructed, and body dustup and gestures therefrom bear different meanings between and deep down cultures. The differences within sub-cultures are due to linguistic communication acquisition, linguistic differences or adifferent dumbfound tongue (Crow et al, 2008, p. 30). It is also not uncommon for children to develop their own language and signs through the use of modern technology.This, on the one hand, is a validating aspect of communication, as developing bilingually can allow for to early success, and technology allows for innovation and promotes relationships, but, not all children are as zippy as each(prenominal) other, and learning two languages at once, be that mouth or sign language, can confuse them a great deal. saucy forms of communication can also be confusing for practitioners with little eff of modern technology, which can lead to a reluctance to communicate and socialise, oddly bet ween generations.Cultural differences can therefore subdue as advantageously as influence communication (Crow et al,2008, p. 0) with children. Socialisation is of great importance for communication with children. Gerhardt (2004, cited in Crow et a. , 2008, p. 11) claims that it should start from birth because communication between carer and coddle plays a key role in the development of the infants adept. These first dydadic relationships and further experiences of socializing contribute crucially towards a childs communication progress as they allow for sympathetic responses, interpretation of non-verbal communication and the sense of emotions at a later stage.Children who are not communicated with as babies are reported to suffer restricted brain growth and global delay (Crow et al, 2008, p. 12) due to deprivation of social rival and care. This can create a barrier to their acquisition of language. Be that as it may, not all children experience dydadic relationships, and th ey still learn to communicate. Hart and Risleys (1995, cited in Crow et al, 2008, p. 12) observational study of communication amongst families suggests that the rate of language acquisition depends on socio-economic status, and that the richer the family, the richer the vocabulary.The nature/nurture debate therefore seems at large here in that babies may have an innate sensibility to learn spoken language but that it is their experience of communication and joint with key members in their environment that shapes / hinders their capacity to learn. A positive environment can therefore promote communication with children however, a childs environment can also be of hindrance in numerous other ways. Children with sensory sensitivities, especially those diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), can face cloudy barriers which could affect their communication.This is due to difficulty procedureing allday sensory information in colourful/lively so called child friendly classroo ms. These children, by not cosmos able to cope with all the information surrounding them are likely to become anxious, stressed, cross, or even come up sensual pain which can result in challenging behaviour due to their failure to communicate their emotions. There is a clear physiological description for this behaviour in that the perception of threat causes the release of the hormones cortisol and epinephrine which block cognitive and memory processes and trigger the fight, flight or rime reaction (Crow et al, 2008, p. 4).It is not only the communication of children diagnosed with ASD that are affected by emotions though. Children who have experienced neglect, abuse or who are existence bullied can all suffer in silence. Furthermore, the emotions of practitioners themselves can have an impact on communication with children. If practitioners are angry, sad or not feeling themselves, their emotions and fashion of logical thinking can become impaired. Practitioners therefore ne ed to pay back better ways of communicating with children, especially those who face particular barriers on a daily basis.A starting point would be to adapt themselves with what studies of communication skills and processes have suggested alert to model in work with children (Crow et a. , 2008, p. 22), namely expressive skills, listening skills and process skills. Expressive skills are bouncy to pay back messages to others so that they understand what is being communicated. These skills involve facial expressions and body language. audition skills involve the total opposite to expressive skills, and requires the listener to obtain and understand the messages and information conveyed by the other person.Both these sets of skills are important as they allow the practitioner to understand how they come across to others and to read emotions. butt against skills are needed to manage communication, and they essentially help the practitioner to take form appropriate choices, retri eve information/ knowledge or collect incumbent tools in an orderly manner in order to interact with a child. Practitioners need to be very certified of their expressive skills and distinctive use of language, especially in light of cultural diversity.As Valerie Daniel (The Open University, 2013 a) stated, body language says a lot, and alongside gesture, it bears distinct meanings between cultures. look reach out is one significant area of concern. It is one of the most free-spoken modes of communication, and where and how you look at someone can alter the interaction. Staring at someone you are communicating with can cause that person to feel uneasy, yet it is important to look at him/her in order to exhibit that you are paying attention.Some cultures however discourage eye contact all in concert, and claim it is a form of rudeness. Particular use of language can also cause distinctions between children, for example one dark-skinned pupil commented that around the school when its white boys its a crowd but when its black boys its a crowd and I think its wrong(London Department Agency, 2004 cited in Crow et al, 2008, p. 16). It is important therefore that practitioners take care in their use of language as what people hear influences their perception (Kay and Kempton, 1984, cited in Crow et al, 2008, p. 5), and perceptions and understanding shapes the experience of others.Practitioners therefore should use their process skills to gain cultural knowledge in order to be aware of the different implications of expressions and language before judging the actions of a child, as judgments are always based on personal experience. In doing so they can develop a rapport based on respect, and open up communication pathways so that children can develop their own communication skills and understanding of their society and culture (Crow et a. , 2008, p. 1) As communication methods develop, experience indicates that practitioners need to grade ways of communicating their services through modern technology.According to food turner (2003, cited in Crow et al, 2008, p. 11), one attribute children saw in an poor practitioner was that they are not concerned. It is therefore important for practitioners to engage as much as possible with children and young peoples interests in order to get them to record and communicate openly, rather than become introvert due to frustration over lack of understanding.Some may suggest that information technology is damaging childrens ability to communicate eloquently and effectively (Crow et al. , 2008, p. 38). Nonetheless, as Vikki Butler (The Open University, 2013, b) suggests, no one wants to participate in something thats not relevant to them, and in todays technological age, it is modern technology that is embedded in childrens life orbits. disrespect lack of training opportunities and funding, practitioners need to find a way of acquaint themselves with childrens culture.Children in turn will learn to r espect practitioners for their interest and for not dismissing their innovative skills (Crow et al, 2008, p. 38), allowing communication and socialisation through the formation of collaborations. Providing opportunities for socialisation through group interactions could further develop practitioners communication with the children they work with as it allows the take chances to ask open ended questions, which demand reactions longer than single(a) word answers.Practitioners must(prenominal) not however ask too galore(postnominal) questions in their quest to extend learning, as children tend to become wary and refuse to open up. Practitioners must also make use of their listening skills by listening to the childs intent as wholesome as content, not interrupting them and reflecting empathetically on their answers in order to video display the child that they are interested in what they have to say. A group interaction such as circle time is a darling method to improve both chi ldrens and practitioners communication.It must be based on interests though because when children are interested in what they do, you will be surprised at what they achieve (Valerie Daniel, The Open University, 2013, a). cause rules of considerate communication must be set however, and these could be negotiated together as a group, but in the long run could result in helping children with their concentration, taking turns to speak, thinking before expressing their thoughts and listening to each other, essential skills of communication for all, especially those who missed out on being spoken to as babies.Practitioners can also offer younger children the chance to communicate and socialise through play. Play allows the practitioner a uncounted of opportunities to gain knowledge regarding a childs understanding of the world (Crow et al, 2008, p. 33). It also allows time to observe how a child feels at whatever given time. Further experience indicates that by providing trifles su ch as puppets, toy animals or dressing up clothes, the practitioner provides the child with a nub of expression in a safe environment, allowing him/her to detach themselves from an emotional situation.This can also be seen on the DVD material, (The Open University, 2013, b) where the child, an elective mute, use karaoke machines and puppets as a medium of communication. Ensuring safe havens would therefore promote practitioners communication methods with children who place importance on feeling safe. Children often suggest that practitioners could provide security by recognizing bullying as a real problem among pupils (The Open University, 2013, b). Practitioners could therefore prioritise emotional literacy by providing ways of expressing emotions such as placing bully boxes in classrooms.Ensuring equal opportunities between boys and girls would see the practitioner as being fair, which is an important issue during childhood. They could also ensure that every child feels valued at the setting by simply being friendly or by showing care and support for them. This could be done by a simple hand on the bring up or reciprocating spontaneous hugs (The Open University, 2013, a), however practitioners, especially males, need to be aware of policies and the implications of touch, as contact can be misinterpreted.Actions must therefore always be above any criticism. Nonetheless, allowing a means of sentry go and ensuring a place where a child feels content can inhibit frustrations and improve a childs self-esteem. This can only lead to better communication channels with practitioners. Cultural, social, environmental and emotional factors can therefore create barriers and affect childrens communication. Still, as communication is a social construct, the extent to which it is inhibited depends on time and place.Practitioners, through knowledge of vital skills can alleviate these barriers in order to assist children suppress their frustrations and emotions, and develo p their communication skills along the way. Simultaneously, practitioners gain an insight into the way they are perceived, allowing them to reflect and become better communicators with the children with whom they work. As already stated therefore, communication is vital for development (Crow et al, 2008, p. 11), however it is now clear that it has been, presently is, and will be equally vital to the progress of both children and practitioners in the future.

The Biography of Clarence Thomas

Clarence doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas is a ultimate butterfly Justice, who has been below criticism since the day that he was appointed. Thomas has been chastised for his views on Affirmative exercise and his views on African-Americans evolution into the mainstream of our society. Chief Justice Thomas, since his interlocking has been marked as a far right conservative. In the origination of his tenure he was labeled as Chief Justice Scalias, minute of arc vote. Since then Thomas has removed himself from this shadow to show insight on his own conservative ideas. Clarence Thomas was born on June 23, 1948 in free fall luff, Georgia.Thomas is a child of Mr. M. C. Thomas and Leola Anderson. He grew up in a single-m new(prenominal) household. Thomass father abandoned him and his mother, Leola, when he was two. measure were hard for his family, and his mother later sent him and his brother to live with his grandfather, Myers Anderson in savanna, Ge orgia. His grandfather instilled in Clarence that education would be his key to unlocking the door to a successful life. He wanted him to over perform the color boundaries that were present during this clipping in Americas history. Clarence Thomas has an extensive educational background.Thomas attended an all black high school in Savannah before dropping out and enrolling at St. John Vianney Minor Seminary. Thomas withdrew at his grandfathers urging to be incur a minister. After his graduation mark St. John Vianney Minor Seminary he was accepted to Immaculate Conception Seminary. However, he once again withdrew, this quantify because of the racial events that had occurred while attending. At this time Holy Cross University began recruiting black students and he was accepted. Thomas worked hard to non unless succeed and graduate, but to excel in his classes.He gradational ninth in his class at Holy Cross, in 1971. date at Holy Cross, Thomas met Ms. Kate Ambush and they later ma rried. Thomas only child (Jamal) was as a result of this marriage (Clarence and Kate later dissociate in 1984. He has since married to Virgina Lamp, in 1987). Clarence Thomas decided that he wanted to advance his education and utilise to Yale Law School. Again, Thomas applied to a university were a minority program was implemented just a few age earlier, and he was accepted. After graduating from Yale Law School Thomass future looked bright. enchantment at Yale his emphasis dealt with tax and anti-trust law. Upon Thomas graduation from Yale he went to work for John Danforth, the attorney general of Missouri. While working for the attorney general Thomas worked in the tax division. In 1977, Danforth was elected to the Senate and Thomas went to work for Monsanto Compevery as a collective lawyer in the pesticide and agriculture division. After a couple of years of work for Monsanto, Thomas became a legislative assistant on susceptibility and environmental projects for Senator Danf orth.During this time Thomas attracted much attention from the Reagan administration, which landed him a job as assistant secretary for civil rights in the teaching method Department. President Reagan then promoted Thomas to head of the Equal Employment opportunity Commission. While at the EEOC, Thomas put the agency in coiffure to enforce law. He also changed administration, policies, and implemented new procedures to improve the agency.Thomas success as head of the EEOC led to a President scouring identification to the U. S. solicit of Appeals in Washington D. C. as a jurist in 1990. He only served 17 months before being propose to the imperious Court by President Bush after the seclusion of Thurgood Marshall. An appointment to the United States Supreme Court is for a life term. Therefore, it makes since that the do used to appoint the justices is complete and thorough. The appointment of a Supreme Court justice is made by the President of the United States and confirm b y the Senate. There can be many reasons why a individual is to be chosen as a justice to the highest court in the land.Presidents have appointed certain people because of their political ideologies, judicial philosophies, gender, religion, or race. The latter reason played a big role in the appointment of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court. Thurgood Marshall, appointed by President Lyndon Johnson as the first black-American to serve on the court, retired in 1991. (Infoplease. com encyclopedia) Then President George Bush, snarl pressure to re straddle this hale known minority figure with other African-American.Marshall had served the court from 1967 to 1991, and many minority and political groups, including the NAACP and the Congressional desolate Caucus matt-up that another minority should take his place. Clarence Thomas was the open-and-shut choice for President Bush, but the NAACP and the Congressional Black Caucus, who tend to be more liberal, did not necessarily want Tho mas to be nominate because of his conservative views. President Bush nominated Thomas for his legal qualifications, and plump for his campaign on promising to only appoint individuals who will encounter the law, rather than create it.After the President made this decision, all that was requisite was the Senate approval. However, it was not that easy. Perhaps no other recent appointment to the Supreme Court was more controversial than that of Clarence Thomas. The Senate was ready to confirm Thomas appointment when the Senate Judiciary Committee reopened the hearings to investigate charges of sexual harassment blamed on Thomas. A co-worker named Anita Hill accused Clarence Thomas of sexual harassment while they worked in two different federal agencies, the Department of information and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). MSN Encarta. com encyclopedia) Suddenly, many problems surrounded Thomas bid for the Supreme Court.The timing of the accusations could not have been worse. Although the timing stamp a question upon Anita Hill herself. If the supposed harassment took place in the 80s, why was she just now coming forward? Ms. Hills answer was that she could not get herself to talk about the topic until she felt obligated to do so. In the Senate hearings Ms. Hill, a law professor, had this to say I thought that by saying no and explaining my easons, my employer would abandon his social suggestions. However, to my regret, in the following few weeks he continued to ask me out on several occasions. He pressed me to justify my reasons for saying no to him.These incidents took place in his office or mine. They were in the form of private conversations which would not have been overheard by anyone else. (Hill Testimony Transcripts) This statement makes the accusations his word versus hers. Thomas denied any wrong doing and called the televising of the Senate hearings a high-tech lynching. (MSN Encarta. om Encyclopedia) Finally, the debates ended a nd Thomas nomination was confirmed on October 15,1991.Thomas would win because the Senate did verify his appointment to the United States Supreme Court by the narrowest affirmation vote for a Supreme Court Justice in this Century. (OConnor & Sabato, 238) The vote was fifty-two in regard and forty-eight against. The Thomas-Hill scandal immediately made Thomas a well known and a closely watched justice. At first, people and the press watched his actions for other reasons than his race or judicial philosophy.More recently, however, people have come to notice his judicial decisions and philosophy more than his actions. Although Thomas appointment was amidst controversy, he is now stepping out on his own on his ideas. Thomas has come a long way from his childhood that started in Pin Point and Savannah, Georgia. He is now a Justice on the highest court in the United States. Thomas term has been brief compared to the tenure of his collogues, but in his mind he has unlocked the door to success, and is walking through it.

Martin Luther King and Henry DavidThoreau Essay

However with antithetical causations Dr. Martin Luther top executive Jr. and total heat David Thoreau were twain admirable men that strived for a better authorities. As rateed spokesmen they served as rebels against what they thought to be ruinous ones stopping at nonhing. Not even jail.Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. were both brilliant men. Thoreaus polished loyalty and Dr. Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail are perfect examples of their intellect. sounding at these documents and observing the tactics they use while attempting to move their auditory modality toward their ultimate goal, one can see the finesse that both men possessed.Thoreau and Dr. King lived during two different centuries. So being that they were vocalist and activistic on the current issues its almost certain that they would have a different motive. Even though their motive was poles apart, differing in some(prenominal) ways, both Thoreau and Dr. King wrote with the aspiration of obt aining a new form of political science presumably resembling the republican one we exercise today. Although awfully controversial, to do so both men felt nonverbal actions such as time out the laws was the only effective way. In spite of the fact that its comparatively ironic, they viewed going to jail in order to make a caper of an immoral or impractical laws put in place by the government was the very highest enjoy for law (King para. 5).Henry David Thoreau motive for rebelling against the government was to make it more of a democratic one.He had no respect for the way it was being ran. His proclaimed problem basic altogethery summed up to be that he felt the government was being ran like a monarchy, or in other words by a selective some and not an entire society as it should. It simply wasnt up to par according to his standards for he stated this I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government (para. 4).Unlike Henry David Thoreau, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was an African American during the times of segregation. This alone is a critical manipulating variable in the equivalence of why the twos motive wasnt the same. Dr. King was all about helping America move towards a desegregated future. He had passion towards annihilating all unjust laws which he stated to be a code inflicted upon a minority which that minority had no part in enacting or creating (para. 4), but for the most part he had an overall respect for the government.In conclusion, its safe to say that other than race and motive Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. were pretty similar. They both were men of their own opinion that could be classified as moralized radicals. As spokesmen of their time they were both good at what they did. Through the form of speeches, protest, letters, and etcetera they both exemplified Civil Disobedience (Thoreau).Thoreau, Henry D. Civil Disobedience. New York Barnes & Noble Books, 1849. 263-287.King Jr., Dr. Martin L. Lette r from Birmingham City Jail. 16 Apr.-May 1963. Birmingham Charles Moore, 1963. 1.

Flirting: Investment and Return

ascendant to Case 02 Risk and Return Flirting With Risk Questions 1. Imagine you argon Bill. How would you explain to Mary the relationship between venture and return of someone stocks? I would explain to Mary that risk and return be positively related, i. e. if one expects to earn spiriteder returns, then one has to be willing to invest in stocks whose price can vary significantly from course of study to year or in different economic conditions. For example, in the dishearten below we see that treasury bills would have yielded 4% with almost no variance, while the index fund is evaluate to yield 10. 1% with a cadence deviation of 9. 15%. Expected Rate of Return Scenari/o Probability Treasury Bill major power Fund public utility social club high tech CompanyCounter-Cyclical Company street corner 20% 4% -2% 6% -5% 20% dear Recession 20% 4% 5% 7% 2% 16% Normal 30% 4% 10% 9% 15% 12% Near Boom 10% 4% 15% 11% 25% -9% Boom 20% 4% 25% 14% 45% -20% Expected Ret urn 4% 10. 10% 9. 2% 15. 40% 5. % Standard divergence 0% 2. 82% 15. 69% 9. 15% 17. 69% 2. Mary has no idea what beta means and how it is related to the take return of the stocks. Explain how you would help her understand these concepts. Beta is defined as the systematic risk of an asset. It measures the relationship between the returns of an asset and a mart portfolio. takes that vary by more than the market have betas greater than 1 and vice-versa. The formula for calculating beta is as followsBeta = Covariance of stock returns similitude market returns Variance of market returns According to the Security Market reap equation, Required return on a stock = Risk clean-handed rate + (Expected Market Return Risk free rate)* Beta This shows that high beta stocks have a have a higher(prenominal) inevitable rate of return than low beta stocks. Index FundUtility Co. High-Tech Co. Counter-Cyclical Co. Exp. Return10. 10%9. 2%15. 4%5. 9% Std. Deviation9. 15%2. 82%17. 69%1 5. 69% Cov (Rs, Rm)&8212&82120. 00300. 0276-0. 0144Beta1. 00. 301. 86-1. 54 Required Rate10. 1%5. 84%15. 37%-5. 41% * let out spreadsheet for calculations 3. How should Bill debate the meaning and advant get alongs of diversification to Mary?Diversification refers to the outline of drop in stocks, which are not highly correlated with each other, for example, high-tech firms and utility firms, or high-tech firms and counter-cyclical firms. Diversification reduces the portfolios variability and thereby enables investors to earn a more stable rate of return. To demonstrate the advantages of diversification, Bill should write in code the expected return and risk (standard deviation) of a portfolio calm of equal coronation in the High-Tech Co. and the Counter-Cyclical Co. &8212since these companies are negatively correlated with each other and compare the results with the return and risk levels of the High-Tech Co. by itself. 50-50 Portfolio Scenario Probability High-Tech Co . Counter-Cyclical Co. 50-50 Portfolio Prob. *E(Portfolio Return) Rp-E(Rp)2 *Ps Recession 20% -5% 20% 7. 50% 1. 50% 0. 000198 Near Recession 20% 2% 16% 9. 00% 1. 80% 0. 00054 Normal 30% 15% 12% 13. 50% 4. 05% 0. 000244 Near Boom 10% 25% -9% 8. 00% 0. 80% 0. 000070 Boom 20% 45% -20% 12. 50% 2. 50% 0. 000068 Expected Return 15. 40% 5. 90% 10. 5% Standard Deviation 17. 69% 15. 69% 2. 52% The data in the table above shows that a portfolio comprised of equal investment in High-Tech Co. and Counter-Cyclical Co. stock would provide an expected rate of return that would be in between the returns of the two stocks with an expected risk level that would be a great deal smaller than either of the two stocks expected standard deviation. 4. Using a suitable diagram explain how Bill could use the security market line to show Mary which stocks could be undervalued and which may be overvalued? pic Stock Beta Required Return Expected Return T-Bill 0. 00 4% 4. 00% Index Fund 1. 00 10. 10% 10. 10% Utility Co. 0. 30 5. 84% 9. 20% High-Tech Co. 1. 86 15. 37% 15. 40% Counter-Cyclical Co. -1. 54 -5. 41% 5. 90% The solid line represents the required pass judgment of return of the 5 investment alternatives as per the Security Market Line equation.Those stocks whose expected returns are higher than their required returns plot above the line and are considered to be undervalued (Counter-Cyclical Co. , Utility Co. and High-Tech Co. ) while those that plot below the line are considered to be over-valued. 5. During the presentation. Mary asks Bill Lets say I carry a well diversified portfolio, what effect will interest rates have on my portfolio? How should Bill respond? A well-diversified portfolio is one that is intimately correlated to the market index. Real interest rates are typically inversely related to stock prices. Hence, if interest rates increase, Marys portfolio return will decrease by as much as the market index does and vice versa. In other w ords, her portfolio will mirror the changes in the market index. 6.Should Bill take Mary out of investing in stocks and preferably put all her bills in fixed-income securities? Explain. not necessarily. Mary could still invest in a well-diversified portfolio such as the market index fund. The problem with fixed-income securities is that they have reinvestment and price risk. By attribute a well-diversified portfolio of stocks, Mary can enjoy a reasonably strong rate of return over the long term. Fixed-income securities have been known to nevertheless keep up with inflation. 7. Mary tells Bill, I keep hearing stories astir(predicate) how people have made thousands of dollars by following their brokers hot tips. flush toilet you give me some hot tips regarding undervalued stocks? How should Bill respond?Bill should deter Mary from taking speculative positions in common stock, given her age and lifecycle status. He should caution her about the riskiness associated with stock pr ice irritability and remind her again about the advantages of diversification. 8. If Mary decided to invest her money equally in high-tech and counter-cyclical stocks. What would her portfolios expected return and risk level be? Are these expectations possible? Please explain. With equal investments in High-Tech and Counter-Cyclical stocks, the portfolio expected return would be 10. 65% and its expected standard deviation would be 2. 52%. (see Answer 3 above for details). These expectations are only as realistic as the numbers used to calculate them.Thus, one has to make realistic assumptions regarding probabilities and returns, in order to get realistic expected return estimates. 9. What would happen if Mary were to put 70% of her portfolio in the High-Tech stock and 30% in the Index Fund? Would this combination be get out for her? Explain. Scenario Probability High-Tech Index Fund 70-30 Prob. *E(Portfolio) Rp-E(Rp)2*Ps Portfolio Recession 20% -5% -2% -4. 10% -0. 82% 0. 06415362 Near Recession 20% 2% 5% 2. 90% 0. 58% 0. 002380562 Normal 30% 15% 10% 13. 50% 4. 05% 2. 883E-06 Near Boom 10% 25% 15% 22. 00% 2. 20% 0. 000670761 Boom 20% 45% 25% 39. 00% 7. 80% 0. 012690722 Expected Return 15. 0% 10. 10% 13. 81% Standard Deviation 17. 69% 9. 15% 14. 89% Given the above table, it seems clear that the 70-30 portfolio serene of High-Tech and the index fund would not necessarily be better for Mary, since it has a much higher expected level of risk (14. 89% versus 2. 52%) and only a slightly higher level of expected return (13. 81% versus 10. 65%) visa vis the 50-50 portfolio of High-Tech and the Counter-Cyclical Co.

Empathy as a Communication Technique Essay

The word empathy is a noun and means Having the ability to imagine one and only(a)self in an new(prenominal)s place and understand the former(a)s looks, desires, ideas, and actions. The make implement of of empathy was an important neighborhood of the psychological counseling technique developed by Carl R. Rogers. (Empathy) Carl Rogers was born January 8, 1902 in Oak Park, Illinois and lived until1987. Carl Rogers is best existn for his contributions to therapy. Rogers felt that if a healer was to be helpful that they essential have three define qualities The first on should be Congruence, pith, showing genuineness and honesty with the customer.The insurgent is having Empathy, mean, having the ability to feel what the client feels and the third being Respect, meaning, acceptance, insipid domineering regard towards the client. Rogers says that these qualities atomic number 18 necessary and sufficient If the therapist shows these three qualities, the client get out i mprove, even if no other special techniques argon used. If the therapist does non show these three qualities, the clients improvement will be minimal, no depend how more techniques be used. (Personality Theories). A nonher Psychologist was Theodor Lipps. natural 1851 in W on the wholehalben/Palatinate, Germany and died in Munich 1914. Theodor Lipps is hold upn as the father of the first scientific theory of Einfuhlung ( quality into,) Lipps sees the unconscious serve up of Einfuhlung is a natural instinct. Today, empathy is expound as an objective sentiency of and insight into the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of another (including their meaning and signifi potentiometerce). It has also been discussed in the context of emotional intelligence, which is defined as the awargonness and management of emotions in self and others. (p89) By showing empathy you are identifying with the other psyches emotions.To be able to empathize with others, you must be able to feel and own your own feelings. It is hard for a someone to understand mortal elses feelings if they have never felt or dealt with that certain feeling. When a person has experience a wide range of feelings whence they are the ones that have the deeps of understanding what others are experiencing. When a person preemptisternot relate it is much(prenominal) than likely because they have not had the experience of what the other is talk near or going through.Experiencing a feeling is much divers(prenominal) than middling reading or call foring about the feeling. When you are alking to someone that shares what they are going through with you and you understand what they are talking about, this is a process of recall that comes to your mind and you relive your experience. You are able to use those emotions to charge you in your thoughts and actions with this person. constitution helps us to die hard our own traumas and experience of life. If you are able to work through what has happen ed and you are aware of your own feelings when talking to someone else that is going through the same thing or decision to it, then you are able to help that other person to survive and give them hope with what they are going through.Accepting a person where they are in life even if you do not meet with them shows that person that you value and support them as an individual no matter what they are going through or who they are. Many people commit that Empathy and Sympathy are the same but they are not. The difference mingled with the two are Sympathy is literally feeling with compassion for or commiseration with another person. Empathy, by contrast, is literally feeling into the ability to visit ones personality into another person and more richly understand that person (think of an empath).Sympathy derives from Latin and Greek words meaning having a fellow feeling. The term empathy originated in psychology (translation of a German term, c. 1903) and has now come to mean the ability to imagine or project oneself into another persons position and experience all the sensations involved in that position. (Answer) A person can learn empathy by CARE. C = Call attention to the unreactive, uncaring behavior. A = Ask, How would you feel? R = Recognize the consequences of the behavior E= Express and explain your disapproval of the insensitive behavior.When a person shows caring then the other person can believe and organized religion the person showing the empathy. As part of our lives, we run into many antithetical people who hold divergent viewpoints. To deal expeditiously with those who have a different opinion to our own, empathy is an important communication technique to develop. Accepting anothers viewpoint, particularly one that is the opposite of yours, takes empathy and earreach skills. Empathy is to understand another viewpoint so well, you could feel as if you are walking in their shoes, despite whether you agree with them or not.Although emp athy is intangible, its effects can be astonishingly real. A person that is upset is that way because they magnate think that you have no idea how or what they are feeling or going through. Once you are able to gain their swan by letting them know that you do understand and explain to them how you know or why you know what they are going through then they become obliging and accommodating. When you understand the persons position and not judging them for their feelings this goes a long way to keep the communication penetration open. On the other hand, some people can take your empathy for the unconditional support of their viewpoint.Even though you understand someones viewpoint, you put one overt have to agree with it or like it. That remains your choice. thither is a different between men and women when it comes to Empathy. Dr. Shock MD PhD expression on Gender Differences in Empathy suggest that women may be more empathic than men, on average this is obviously true. The arti cle states that females use different strategies for assessing emotions than that of men. The studies that have been done show that men use the left cognitive hemisphere in empathy and women the more emotional parts such as the mirror neurons in the right hemisphere. (Gender Differences in Empathy).There are different beliefs and values in different shades. Much misunderstanding occurs in intercultural interactions because many are unaware of these differences. A persons culture affects closely all of their communication behaviors. It is important for one to learn the differences of many cultures so that one is able to show empathy in the right way. If one does not know the others culture something you do or say may actually be hurtful, harmful or disrespectful. Once this happens you may lose the trust that had been there and you may never be able to show your adequate empathy for this other person.A persons culture determines the way they process study and how to cope with wha t is going on in their lives. Concepts and objects fluctuate from culture to culture. Each culture and person sees the world they live in differently. or so of these different cultures are particularly concerned with accuracy and have different words for use, depending on whether they are being inclusive or exclusive. American culture is not as concerned with exactness and therefore we use the words we want to use and this can cause misunderstanding in more ways than not.Take for instance that if you are talking to a Native American Indian and you are looking straight into their eye this is showing disrespect. In the Native American Indian culture if looking into the persons eyes that are talking to shows that you do not respect them. development self-discloser when showing Empathy can be helpful and it can also be harmful. Self-disclosure is both the conscious and unconscious of revealing more about oneself to others. This may include, but is not limited to, thoughts, feelings, a spirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, dreams as well as ones likes, dislikes, and favorites.Typically, a self-disclosure happens when we initially meet someone and continues as we cause and develop our relationships with people. As we get to know each other, we disclose information about ourselves. If one person is not willing to self-disclose then the other person may stop disclosing information about them as well. (Self-disclosure). The part of if one person is not willing to self-disclose how can the person you are talking to really trust that you know what they are going through. By opening up the other person is able to talk freely.For example, when talking to a person that has scantily lost their conserve they are in shock. A fog is placed over them and they seem not to know what to do next, it just happens. When talking to this person and you has gone through this process, you are able to let this person know that what they are feeling is natural. Nature places a fog around them their protection. You explain that you also lost your husband a few years back and explain to them that it takes about a year to start lifting and in time things to start making since and you can go on in life.It takes a day and sometimes here and now at a time to make it through. When you open up to the person that has just lost their husband then they feel that they are not alone and can make that next step. There are sometimes that this can back fire on you when you open up. The person could be so over come with grief that they do not hear what you are saying and get angry with you thinking that you are just saying that they will get over it in time. One must walk softly when self disclosing on any subject.Referencehttp//webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/rogers.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-disclosure

Drinking and Driving: Underage, Military & Binge Drinking

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 UNDERAGE drunkenness 5 array UNDERGE DRINKING.. 7 BINGE DRINKING. 8 CONCLUSION. 11 RECOMMENDATIONS/SOLUTIONS. 11 MILITARY WINGMAN CONCEPT.. 13 ENFORCING THE rectitude. 15 WORKS CITED 17 diagnose OF ILLUSTRATIONSReported Drinking Patterns Among Students. 6 Table 1 stuff Drinking Prevalence, Frequency, and Intensity 10 Michael J. Green Professor Paul Rosenberg writing for opus historic periodrs 2 demonstrate 2013 Drinking and impetuous infra experimental condition, phalanx and Binge Drinking We wholly populate oneness of the worst decisions we clear conciliate as responsible number one woods is to ca-ca behind the rotate later on a night surface on the t proclaimspeople w here(predicate) we whitethorn rescue had a or so withal many dry b perpetu eachy mounts. We may non even be in a causation to make a rational judgment, let alone as indisputable a vehicle.Under term Drinking We on the whole last that chthonic(a) p rogress beverage is when anyone under the estimable potable age of 21 potables d receivepour drink. many an different(prenominal) teens face adult problems at a very young age. Underage imbibing is a major problem among teens today. In today society, kids ar being pressured into doing things at a very young age. bother many p bents atomic number 18 facing in their own life- measure are likewise posing as problems on their kids. digression from being il heavy, pocket-sized imbibing suffer bring close populace wellness problems. check to the content demonst sum up on deluge beverage Ab exercise and insobriety minor(ip) intoxi minttic drinkic beverage addiction risks include Death 5,000 people under the age of 21 die from each one socio-economic class from inebriantic drink- connect car crashes, homicides, suicides, alcohol poisoning, and other injuries such as f in altogether in all(prenominal)s, burn, and drowning. (NIAAA) We are non besides talking ab off remainders as well as serious injuries, profa cont send away judgment, increased risk for physical and familiar assault and brain development problems. (NIAAA). As you arsehole expect in that location are serious risks involved with underage alcoholism.Compare and furrow madcap in the Winter and Driving in the SummerHow scum bag you recognize the signs of underage insobriety? Here are some signs that chiffonier booster you recognize underage drinking. Weve all probably seen some of these sample signs at one point in our life. tolerated how much attention did you since affirm give them. According to the National set up on intoxi preemptt offense and alcoholism here are some standard signs that smoke jock you recognize underage drinking. Has there been a change in their academic grades or any wayal problems at coach? Has there been a change in who they hang out with?Have they appeared to be less(prenominal) kindle in their favorite activit y or sporting event? Do they non want to be seen in public or make an appearance at a family function? Can you belief alcohol on their breath or assimilate you found empty or full alcoholic beverages on them or in their room? Do they retain slurred speech or heftiness coordination problems, such as walking in a straight cristal? (NIAAA) once again these are rightful(prenominal) some of the inform signs that disregard help your recognize that your adolescent maybe drinking alcohol.As you stooge see from the below chart theres a high percentage of twelfth graders, 42% to be exact, that defy had an alcoholic beverage in the past month. If you convey up all ternion grades you spring up a total of 81% of 8th, 10th, and twelfth graders that take hold drank in the past month. I find this to be an alarming rate and we develop to do something to simplification these numbers. (L. Johnston) armed services Underage Drinking We all cognise that you only have to be 18 to enter the war machine or 17 with your parents permission.So we can armed service our country and die for this country still we cant have an alcoholic drink, legally, until we are 21. Underage drinking in the soldiery is nonhing naked as a jaybird. I bring forward when I first off came in the dividing line Force, even though the legal age to drink was 21, nobody really relegate or did anything roughly underage drinking. Man how fourth dimensions have changed armed forces fractions betwixt the ages of 18 and 25 tend to be heavy drinkers, much so than their noncombatant comrades. (Rhem) Im not affect or really alarmed by this but did you jockey that 21% of legions members admit to heavily drinking.What I am alarmed by though is this statistic hasnt been lowered in 20 years. Alcohol debase costs the incision of defense force over $600 million a year to either treat members or account for lost time at work. The Department of Defense has decided to sign a overbold ap proach to lower these statistics. According to LtCol Wayne Talcott senior officials like a new approach to stay freshive maintenance You offer a jet engine so it doesnt fall out of the sky. We expect to begin to look at where there are risks to the human weapon dust and how we can build a organization that protects our people. (Rhem) The military usually waits till there is a problem with alcohol abuse forward doing anything near it. However, recently we have seen an increase in developing new programs or procedures to modernize our military members astir(predicate) the severity of alcohol related to problems. We meet want to corroborate the right core to the right people to the highest degree qualification better decisions about their drinking behavior. Under the Uniform Code of troops Justice, oblige 111 Drunken or reckless operations of a vehicle, aircraft, or vessel. cosmopolitan, Manual for Courts-Martial get together claims) As you can see, the military ha s its own set of rules that members have to follow. Even though the military laws are similar in nature to civilian laws we are held to a high standard. whatsoever tools that commanders can use to manage alcohol abusers are key of trade determination Actions involving security clearance, assenting to classified information or access to restricted areas Duty assignment suss out to determine if the member should continue in current duties Unfavorable education blame or interpret roster actions base on alcohol related isconduct or substandard duty performance breakup under the Uniform Code of Military Justice for document failure to match standards and Administrative demotion, withholding of advancement and refutation of reenlistment. (General, The Military commandant and the Law) Line of Duty determination is use to determine if the illness, injury, or disease existed prior to service (EPTS) and if the EPTS condition was aggravated by military service.It is used to dete rmine whether or not the illness, injury, or disease, or death occurred while the member was absent from duty and whether or not the illness, injury, disease or death was ascribable to the members own misconduct. once the findings are revealed from the Line of Duty investigation, it may impact the following areas You may not be eligible for disability retreat and/or severance carry you may not be entitled to pay and stick outances your current enlistment could be panoptic to include any period of time that you were unable to perform your duties you could be denied your veterinary benefits or medical benefits.If the line of duty investigation finds you guilty you could lose out on more than you thought. (General, The Military Commander and the Law) As you can see, Commanders have several(prenominal) tools at their disposal to prevent or correct alcohol related incidents. But that doesnt mean they can prevent all of them. Binge Drinking Binge drinking is the intimately honey o il formula of excessive alcohol use in the join States. The National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism defines split drinking as a pattern of drinking that brings a persons stock certificate alcohol concentration to . 08 grams percent or supra.This typically happens when men consume 5 or more drinks, and when women consume 4 or more drinks, in about 2 hours. (Alcoholism) According to national tidy sums unity in six U. S. adults binge drinks about four quantify a month, devour about eight drinks per binge objet dart binge drinking is more common among young adults patriarchal 18-34 years, binge drinkers aged 65 years and older overcompensate binge drinking more oft an average of five to six times a month Binge drinking is more common among those with household incomes of $75,000 or more than among those with lower incomes Approximately 92% of U.S. adults who drink excessively get across binge drinking in the past 30 days Although college students commonly binge drink, 70% of binge drinking episodes involve adults age 26 years and older The natural event of binge drinking among men is doubly the occurrence among women Binge drinkers are 14 times more likely to report alcohol-impaired driving than non-binge drinkers About 90% of the alcohol consumed by spring chicken under the age of 21 in the unite States is in the form of binge drinks and more than half(prenominal) of the alcohol consumed by adults in the United States is in the form of binge drinks. CDC) shit binge drinkers can have the or so serious health problems. These people are seven to sixteen times more likely, than non-binge drinkers to have missed classes, gotten behind in their school work, engaged in ignorant sexual activity, and not used protection during sexual intercourse, had run-ins with police, damage property, and been injured or hurt. (CDC) As you can see from the above chart binge drinking happens in all age multitudes, race and ethnicity groups, commandal levels, and in all income levels.Conclusion Ive talked about several problems that are related to underage, military and binge drinking and driving. wherefore I talked about all three of these types is that they intertwine with one another. Most if not all of us had a drink before we were 21, I know I did. Does that make it right for the next generation to continue to do so? Whos to say We have come a pertinacious way since I was under 21 and we still have a long shipway to go. I have ont think we depart ever completely get unloose of underage, military or binge drinking and driving.Its going to happen But we can make some recommendations or solutions to educate our kids. Recommendations/Solutions In my opinion there is no right way or wrong(p) way about minify underage, military or binge drinking and driving. each(prenominal) state and/or city may have their own way of attempt to overcome drinking and driving. But here are some samples of what is being proposed and do in the Cheyenne, Wyoming area on Military bases and on College campuses finishedout the state.How can we repair the pedagogyal processes to educate our youth about the dangers of alcohol? What we do know is that educational programs that only provide information or that focuses on self-esteem or resisting peer pressure havent been hard-hitting. The Wyoming youth group is proposing a more truculent approach. Instead of waiting till alliance colleges and Universities are experiencing binge drinking problems we necessitate to start at the grade school and high school levels. (Group)Here is a dilate list of what the State of Wyoming is recommending at all educational levels Developing school cultures that upgrade prevention and interpellation policies Increase state and local funding for prevention education in schools and colleges work with senior administrators to construe what must be wear upone to funk underage drinking make sure colleges and universities adhere to poli cy enforcement and changes ensure unremitting development and consistent communication with statewide colleges and universities proper certification for employees serving alcoholic beverages encourage youth involvement for lordly change. Group) Here is what the State of Wyoming is recommending at kindergarten through twelfth grade See what programs have shown success and share them with other Wyoming schools. raise education to school employees on how to observe underage drinking and how to handle the situation. enlighten youth in reservation healthy, skillful and lawful lifestyle decisions. Have alcohol-free events and activities. You can even go as ut nigh as doing random sobriety checks before people leave the event or activity.Educate the youth about the dangers of underage drinking to include brain damage, addictive disorders and legal consequences that can arise from alcohol abuse. speech with them about how alcohol can impair their performance standards in and out of the classroom. return education to both the kids and to the parents. Parents need to be able to communicate utilely with their children. divine service them acquire unavoidable skills regarding advertising and promotion of alcohol. Establish live on groups for kids when there is drinking in the pedestal.Ask for feedback and/or surveys this will alter all parties to see what is and what isnt workings. (Group) For higher education the State of Wyoming is recommending the following programs hold the better(p) programs found by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. This will help you in developing your own local college programs. The plans should include but are not limited to screening and intervention strategies encouraging alcohol free events or activities limit alcohol related advert on campuses enforcing campus policies and state and local laws never-ending research and program evaluation.Support efforts by colleges and Universities to edit alcohol u se ask for support and help from senior leadership on college campuses to increase sureness of high-risk alcohol related activities increase education to first year students, athletes and organizations that promote alcohol related activities educate your staff, parents, and even alumni and warning signs of alcohol abuse provide referral information and updates on policies and procedures provide an anonymous student survey to see if the educational programs are working and underage drinking is decreasing.Now that we have the schools accounted for what about educating our parents. (Group) Here are some things you can do to ensure you provide the necessary education to their parents. Parents are the first line of defense at times and need to intervene when they see a problem. What can we do for the parents? Establish peer groups kindly media is a great source to nettle out to for assistance and guidance. Provide presentations by parents from parents that have lived through a death or alcohol related incident. Who is held liable(predicate) for providing alcohol to minors? Provide effective ways for parents to talk to their children about alcohol abuse.Provide pamphlets to parents so they can disclose the signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse. Educate the parents on how to host an alcohol free house party for their kid. (Group) These are some of the educational needs that the State of Wyoming is implementing or has implemented throughout the state. As you can see they are not just relying on the schools to intervene. They are making sure parents are involved and how to identify any signs or symptoms their child may be showing from alcohol abuse. I feel that these educational needs can be easily implemented inwardly each and every state. Military Wingman ConceptThe term Wingman stems from a time-honored tradition within our Air Force flying community of interests that essentially says a lead cowcatcher will never lose his/her Wingman. Its a promise, a pledg e, a load mingled with Airmen who fly. The Air Force has obliging and instilled this same culture of commitment between all Airmen and Air Force civilians in all career fields and specialties via the Wingman program. creation a Wingman isnt easy, but all Airmen at all levels of command have a role as Wingmen. How can you transfer this ability of being a wingman from military time honored tradition to a non-military environment?You would think this would be easy, but some people dont recognize the excogitation. Im going to use a sports parity to help explain the Wingman concept. Lets say we have a exceedingly skilled professional foot cluster squad. Holes in the line open up an exacting before the running back reaches them at full speed, allowing him to achieve a elephantine gain. Pass receivers run complicated pass routes, turning back to look at the play after the ball is already airborne on its way to them. Simultaneously, fetid linemen keep defensive players from rea ching the quarterback just long enough for him to get the pass offand not a moment longer.Meanwhile, the quarterback, without even looking at or coordinating with his blockers, knows just how long he can hold the ball before he has to get rid of it. And the timing of all this is compressed into less than four seconds. (Dettmer) As you can see, the wingman concept can be carried over to non-military demarcation situations. But we seldom see this in businesses. Businesses are still comprised of mutual activities that at times require a team effort to complete a hurtle or task. Some of it may be due to the fact at the end of the day you get to go home and you dont have to rely on them to save your life.The Wingman concept is straightforward and easy to implement into your work area, no matter where you work. To be a good Wingman all you have to do is take care of yourself and those around you. Some ways you could do this is when you are out with your buddies and theyve had a petty (a) too much to drink, you criterion up and tell them theyve had enough. You dont let your wingman get behind the wheel of a car after theyve had anything to drink. Its not about being their relay transmitter its about saving their life or someone elses life. In the end it comes down to making the Wingman concept a way of life, and not just a slogan.Enforcing the Law How can you program line drunk driving? It requires four gameboard strategies Deterrence Treatment Information and education and Prevention. Im going to provide solutions on how we can implement all four and decrease or have drunk driving. What is deterrence and how can that fudge drunk driving? Deterrence is wide-eyed However, it may not be all that simple to pass new laws that foreclose drunk driving. Deterrence is also enforcing breathing laws and holding those that broke the law accountable. Its basically like, striking fear into them if they do decide to drink and drive.A good guinea pig of this is the ze ro tolerance law. Not all states have this but some do. Its a law that applies to anyone under the age of 21 that gets caught for drinking and driving. How embarrassed would you be if you got caught for drinking and driving and lost your driver licenses? If you were still in high school, most likely the whole school would know about it. This alone could be a deterrent for some, but maybe not for all. (Hedlund and McCartt) Treatment is about getting the help you need when you need it. Alcohol is a drug and if left untreated can cause serious damage to your health and to others around you.However, treatment sometimes only happens once you have been arrested or caught. The most difficult thing is to self-identify and get the help you need before its too late. Changing individuals behavior is not easy. However, if you can assess all offenders equally and then assign them a treatment program that is appropriate for their needs. (Hedlund and McCartt) Information and education by itself do esnt decrease drinking and driving and has little or no effect on reducing it either. However, combined with deterrence and prevention programs it goes a long way.Educating the public on drinking and driving laws has proven very effective in reducing drinking and driving. For recitation those states that have Zero Tolerance laws in govern 85% of drivers were not aware that the blood alcohol content for minors was different than for those that are over 21. With a little information and education in those states they reduced drinking and driving crashes by 30%. It has been proven that a little education can go a long ways. (Hedlund and McCartt) With prevention we have control over a few things. We can enforce the policies that are in place or create new one laws.We have already completed the legal age to drink alcohol is 21. By increasing the legal age from 18 to 21 this was an attempt to reduce underage drinking. We can place the places and time when you can purchase alcohol. You have to have a liquor license to sales event or distribute alcoholic beverages. Some states also regulate on the day and time you can purchase alcohol. For example some states dont allow you to purchase alcohol on sunlight before noon or not at all, and most states dont allow the sale of alcohol after 2 a. m. We can also regulate the taxes on alcoholic beverages.For example the come up of taxes for alcoholic beverages in the State of Wyoming hasnt increased since 1935. (Group) Prevention programs can make a difference, but even thin measures are better than nothing at all. Programs like training bartenders or servers to know when they should stop serving to the customer have proved beneficial. In the end though, the best strategy for progress is through better deterrence, with assistance from the other three strategies. whole caboodle Cited Alcoholism, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and. NIAAA council approves definition of binge drinking. NIAAA Newsletter (2004) 3. CDC. lively signs binge drinking prevalence, frequency, and intensity among adults U. S. 2010. MMWR Morb pernicious Weekly Report (2012 61 (1)) 9-14. Dettmer, William. The Wingman Concept. 2006. The Wingman Concept. 2 Mar 2013. General, enounce Advocate. Manual for Courts-Martial United States. General, Judge Advocate. Manual for Courts-Martial United States. maxwell AFB The Judge Advocate General School, 2012. IV51 IV53. General, Judge Advocate. The Military Commander and the Law. General, Judge Advocate. The Military Commander and the Law.Maxwell AFB The Judge Advocate General School, 2012. 215-223. Group, Cody Youth. Wyoming Cares. Jan 2012. http//www. wyocare. org/items/get_pdf/1416%20%20problems%20and%20solution%20document. 2 Mar 2013. Hedlund, throng H. and Anne T. McCartt. Drunk Driving Seeking additional Solutions. Traffic Safety. Washington D. C. Preusser Research Group, Inc, 2002. L. Johnston. Centruy Council. declination 2012. Centery Council. 2 March 2013. NIAAA . National Institute on Alchohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 2013. 2 March 2013. Rhem, SSgt Kathleen T. Alcohol Abuse Costs denial Dearly. U. S. Military (2000) 1.